Table 2. Study Participant Characteristics Compared With USRDS.
| Characteristic | USRDS Value, %a | All RCTs, Mean (95% CI) | Trials, No. | P Value | US-Predominant RCTs, Mean (95% CI) | Trials, No. | P Value | US-Only RCTs, Mean (95% CI) | No. | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. of trials | 186 | 46 | 37 | |||||||
| Age, y | 61.2 | 58.9 (58.3-59.5) | 184 | <.001 | 58.2 (57.4-59.0) | 46 | <.001 | 58.6 (57.7-59.4) | 37 | <.001 |
| Male sex | 55.7 | 58.9 (57.6-60.1) | 183 | <.001 | 56.6 (54.6-58.7) | 44 | .38 | 55.4 (53.0-57.7) | 35 | .82 |
| Comorbid diabetes | 44.2 | 40.2 (36.7-43.6) | 90 | .03 | 54.9 (52.4-57.5) | 24 | <.001 | 56.1 (53.6-58.5) | 20 | <.001 |
| Primary renal disease | ||||||||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 44.2 | 27.3 (24.8-29.9) | 88 | <.001 | 40.8 (38.1-43.5) | 20 | .03 | 41.9 (38.6-45.3) | 13 | .21 |
| Hypertension or vascular | 29.0 | 20.5 (18.2-22.9) | 77 | <.001 | 32.8 (28.5-37.1) | 20 | .10 | 31.6 (26.5-36.7) | 13 | .33 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 9.5 | 25.6 (22.6-28.7) | 83 | <.001 | 10.8 (8.4-13.2) | 16 | .32 | 8.9 (6.4-11.5) | 11 | .64 |
| Cystic kidney disease | 2.6 | 5.4 (4.6-6.2) | 50 | <.001 | 3.2 (2.6-3.9) | 10 | .09 | 2.8 (2.1-3.6) | 6 | .59 |
| Comorbidities at start of RRT, all modalities (2011-2013) | ||||||||||
| Heart failure | 29.8 | 19.6 (15.1-24.0) | 31 | <.001 | 28.9 (22.9-35.0) | 10 | .78 | 27.7 (20.9-34.6) | 6 | .57 |
| Coronary artery disease | 17.7 | 26.9 (22.2-31.7) | 34 | <.001 | 37.7 (34.0-41.5) | 9 | <.001 | 38.4 (31.1-45.6) | 6 | .003 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8.8 | 11.1 (9.6-12.5) | 30 | .004 | 12.9 (9.3-16.5) | 9 | .06 | 13.0 (7.5-18.5) | 5 | .21 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 12.0 | 15.2 (12.3-18.0) | 26 | .04 | 15.4 (9.0-21.8) | 9 | .33 | 15.0 (7.7-22.3) | 6 | .46 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||||||||
| Prevalent hemodialysis | 11.00 | 11.01 (10.83-11.19) | 91 | .91 | 11.26 (11.04-11.48) | 16 | .04 | 11.07 (10.74-11.40) | 10 | .69 |
| Prevalent peritoneal dialysis | 10.83 | .05 | .002 | .19 | ||||||
| Albumin, g/dL | ||||||||||
| Incident, all modalities (2011-2013) | 3.20 | 3.78 (3.73-3.82) | 79 | <.001 | 3.80 (3.72-3.88) | 17 | <.001 | 3.77 (3.70-3.84) | 13 | <.001 |
| Vascular access | ||||||||||
| Catheter | 21.2 | 12.9 (10.3-15.5) | 22 | <.001 | 18.6 (12.0-25.2) | 9 | .47 | 20.2 (11.0-29.5) | 7 | .84 |
| Mortality rate, per 100 patient-years (2011-2013) | 18.6 | 8.9 (7.8-10.0) | 125 | <.001 | 10.3 (7.3-13.3) | 33 | <.001 | 10.6 (6.9-14.3) | 25 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: RCT, randomized clinical trial; RRT, renal replacement therapy; USRDS, United States Renal Data System.
SI conversion factors: To convert hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0; albumin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0.
a
All USRDS values are for prevalent dialysis patients in 2011, unless otherwise specified.