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. 2013 Nov 20;33(47):18515–18530. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2126-13.2013

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Time-frequency change of LFP γ oscillations during sequential voluntary arm movements. A, Head-restrained rats performed self-paced sequential lever push/hold/pull movements (left). Rats were rewarded if they pulled the lever after holding a lever at the push position for >1 s (right). B, The lever trace (upper) and the raw LFP data (lower) recorded by a silicon probe (left) at various depths of the rat primary motor cortex before and during a pull movement. The probe has two tetrode sites (red circles) and eight electrode sites (arrows). C, The lever positions (top) and the wavelet power spectrums (bottom) calculated at the depths ranging from 400 to 1450 μm are aligned with respect to the onsets of repeated pull movements (0 ms). An event-triggered average of WPS was calculated >345 trials. D, The average maximal powers of 40 and 80 Hz oscillations are displayed at different depths. The powers were averaged >12 rats. The slow and fast γ oscillations exhibited maximal powers 700 or 0 ms before pull movements, respectively. E, The power spectrum of the LFP recorded at various cortical depths. F, Event-triggered average of the WPS of the LFP recorded by a tetrode at the depth of 600 μm (lower) aligned at the onset of pull movements (upper). Top and bottom color bars represent the powers of two frequency bands of >25 Hz and <25 Hz, respectively. They were displayed separately because their power ranges were significantly different. G, The time evolution (mean ± SE) of the 40 Hz (cyan) and 80 Hz (magenta) powers averaged >26 rats is displayed around the onset of pull movement (top). Middle two panels, Distributions of the times at which 80 Hz oscillations exhibit the highest power, or 40 Hz oscillations exhibit the lowest power. Bottom panel, Time evolution of the θ power. H, Event-triggered average of the WPS at the depth of 600 μm (lower) aligned at the onset of push movements (upper). I, The time evolution (mean ± SE) of the power of 40 Hz (cyan) or 80 Hz (magenta) oscillations is shown around the onset of pull movement (top). Middle three panels, Distributions of the times at which the 80 Hz power takes a maximum or the 40 Hz power takes a maximum or a minimum. Bottom panel, Evolution of the θ power.