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. 2019 Jun 21;15(Suppl 4):e12764. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12764

Table 3.

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression of commercial snack food consumption in previous day among children 6–35 monthsa (n = 495)

Variable Snack consumed Unadjusted bivariateb Adjusted multivariablec
% (n) OR (95% CI) p‐valued OR (95% CI) p‐valued
Maternal factors
Maternal age (year) 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) 0.477
Parity
Primaparous 77.5 (145) 1
Multiparous 84.1 (259) 1.53 (0.93, 2.52) 0.093
Maternal education
Elementary, Junior high 90.3 (93) 3.12 (1.35, 7.21) 0.002 3.93 (1.39, 11.10) 0.009
Senior high 83.1 (177) 1.65 (1.13, 2.41) 2.03 (1.30, 3.18)
Diploma, University 74.9 (134) 1 1
Any work in past month
Yes 77.1 (118) 0.66 (0.43, 1.00) 0.054 0.62 (0.38, 1.03) 0.067
No 83.6 (286) 1 1
Hours away from child preceding day
0 82.5 (340) 1
>0 to <8 83.3 (25) 1.06 (0.42, 2.68) 0.237
≥8 73.6 (39) 0.59 (0.32, 1.09)
Reported exposure to snack food promotion
Yes 81.6 (394) 0.86 (0.23, 3.46) 0.861
No 83.3 (10) 1
Child factors
Child age (months)
6.0–11.9 46.5 (46) 1 1
12.0–17.9 84.9 (84) 6.45 (3.60, 11.55) <0.001 5.27 (2.17, 12.82) <0.001
18.0–23.9 89.9 (89) 10.25 (4.69, 22.41) 6.99 (2.61, 18.76)
24.0–29.9 95.0 (94) 21.66 (9.78, 47.96) 10.56 (3.56, 31.32)
30.0–35.9 91.9 (91) 13.11 (5.73, 29.98) 6.17 (1.74, 21.93)
Child sex
Male 81.0 (217) 0.91 (0.57, 1.46) 0.696
Female 82.4 (187) 1
Sick preceding day
Yes 79.9 (250) 0.72 (0.45, 1.16) 0.179
No 84.6 (154) 1
Amount ate preceding day versus normal
Same amount 82.3 (149) 1
Less food 80.5 (194) 0.89 (0.54, 1.46) 0.838
More food 82.6 (61) 1.09 (0.65, 1.84)
Ate different foods preceding day versus normal
Yes 84.2 (101) 1.26 (0.73, 2.18) 0.402
No 80.8 (303) 1
Breastfed preceding day
Yes 76.1 (207) 1 1
No 88.3 (197) 2.38 (1.43, 3.96) 0.001 0.90 (0.42, 1.96) 0.800
BMS preceding day
Yes 81.2 (199) 0.95 (0.55, 1.65) 0.854
No 82.0 (205) 1
CPCF preceding day
Yes 60.5 (112) 0.90 (0.05, 0.16) <0.001 0.15 (0.08, 0.29) <0.001
No 94.2 (292) 1 1
Household factors
Number household members 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) 0.998
Wealth tercile
Lowest wealth 82.6 (95) 1.60 (0.93, 2.77) 0.241
Middle wealth 85.4 (152) 1.31 (0.70, 2.45)
Highest wealth 77.7 (157) 1

Note. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMS, breastmilk substitute; CPCF, commercially produced complementary food; OR, odds ratio.

a

All analyses utilize logistic regression controlled for clustering at the health facility.

b

Unadjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p‐values from bivariate analysis.

c

All factors significant at p ≤ 0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in the full adjusted multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals, and p‐values from the full model are reported. The dashes indicate that the variable was not included in the full model.

d

p‐value reported for categorical variables is the p‐value for the overall variable, not individual categories.