Effects of IL-1β and TNF-α are not mediated exclusively by neurons. Shown are means ± SEM of AMPAR-evoked (A,B) or NMDAR-evoked (C,D) EPSC amplitudes calculated and plotted against time (min). A, In the presence of fluorocitrate (5 mm), AMPAR-evoked EPSC amplitudes stay stable over a recording period of 30 min (n = 15 neurons, p > 0.05, one-way RM ANOVA). B, When slices are incubated with fluorocitrate, TNF-α (20 ng/ml) has no effect on AMPAR-mediated currents (n = 15 neurons, p > 0.05, one-way RM ANOVA). C, In the presence of fluorocitrate, NMDAR-mediated currents do not change significantly in 10 neurons over a recording period of 40 min (p > 0.05, one-way RM ANOVA). D, After incubation with fluorocitrate, a 20 min application of IL-1β (20 ng/ml) significantly decreases NMDAR-mediated currents (n = 11 neurons, p < 0.001, one-way RM ANOVA).