Table 1.
IL-1β and TNF-α induce the release of a separate mixture of cytokines
| Cytokines released (% of control) | IL-1β | TNF-α |
|---|---|---|
| CINC-2 | 299 ± 70%* | 150 ± 32%* |
| CINC-3 | 374 ± 98%* | 230 ± 92% |
| CNTF | 275 ± 120% | 177 ± 75%* |
| Fractalkine | 190 ± 51% | 202 ± 90% |
| GM-CSF | 255 ± 39%* | 127 ± 47% |
| IFN-γ | 290 ± 68%* | 123 ± 35% |
| IL-1α | 202 ± 37%* | 102 ± 13% |
| IL-1β | — | 158 ± 30%* |
| IL-4 | 234 ± 24%* | 186 ± 40%* |
| IL-6 | 174 ± 28%* | 260 ± 74%* |
| IL-10 | 208 ± 44%* | 203 ± 40%* |
| LIX | 214 ± 38%* | 135 ± 20% |
| Leptin | 182 ± 56% | 225 ± 75% |
| MCP-1 | 178 ± 21%* | 105 ± 13% |
| MIP-3 | 217 ± 35%* | 121 ± 16% |
| NGF | 117 ± 13% | 121 ± 13% |
| TIMP-1 | 205 ± 47% | 121 ± 18% |
| TNF-α | 235 ± 39%* | — |
| VEGF | 163 ± 38% | 137 ± 15%* |
Table lists all cytokines that were tested to be released upon incubation with IL-1β (20 ng/ml) or TNF-α (20 ng/ml). Experiments were performed in which four slices were incubated with IL-1β or TNF-α or treated as control. After 20 min, the supernatant was used to analyze the release of the 19 cytokines listed here. Although IL-1β induced a significant increase in CINC-2, CINC-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ,IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LIX, MCP-1, MIP-3, and TNF-α (*p < 0.05 compared with control, n = 5 experiments, t test), TNF-α did induce a significant increase in CINC-2, CNTF, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF (*p < 0.05 compared with control, n = 10 experiments, t test). Other cytokines listed here are fractalkine, leptin, nerve growth factor (NGF), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1).