Figure 1.

Measurement methods for histological evaluation: (i) Tumor depth (from basement membrane): dimension C in exophytic specimen (a) or dimension F in ulcerative specimen (b); (ii) tumor depth (from mucosal surface): dimension B in exophytic specimen or dimension E in ulcerative specimen; (iii) tumor thickness: dimension A in exophytic specimen or dimension D in ulcerative specimen. For specific histological evaluation (c; d was the animated version of c), dimension G was taken as tumor depth. Abbreviations: BM, basement membrane; M, mucosal surface [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]