Table 1. Items included in different scanning protocols and scoring systems for ultrasound assessment of hemophilic arthropathy.
| Authors | Effusion
(synovial fluid or hemarthrosis) |
Synovial
hypertrophy |
Synovial
hyperemia |
Hemosiderin
deposition |
Cartilage
abnormalities (cartilage loss, hyperechogenicity, thinning) |
Bone
abnormalities (erosion, subchondral cysts, osteophytes) |
Evaluated joints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klukowska
et al.
53
(2001) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Knee |
| Zukotynski
et al.
61
(2007) |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Knee, ankle |
| Melchiorre
et al.
10
(2011) |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Elbow, knee,
ankle |
| Muça-Perja
et al.
31
(2012) |
No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Knee, ankle |
| Martinoli
et al.
45
(2013) |
Yes a | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Elbow, knee,
ankle |
| Kidder
et al.
37
(2015) |
No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Elbow, knee,
ankle, hip, shoulder |
aThe presence of intra-articular effusion is included in the scanning protocol but owing to its fluctuating nature is not considered in the scoring system. Reproduced with permission from Thieme 33.