Table 1.
Summary characteristics of studies entered into the meta-analysis
| Ref | First author, Published year | Survey | Design | Place | Sample size | Tool for depression | Time point of | Cut-off point | RR/ OR * | (95%CI) * | Quality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | postpartum depression | Anemia | depression | anemia | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
| (20) | Goshtasebi, 2013 | 1 | Cohort | Iran | 14 | 240 | EPDS | At 4-6 W | 4-6 W postpartum | 13 | 11 | 3.746 | 1.178 | 11.906 | Satisfactory |
| (21) | Corwin, 2003 | 1 | Cohort | America | 8 | 29 | CES-D | At 4 W | At 7 and 14 days postpartum | 16 | 12 | 5.846 | 1.337 | 25.56 | Satisfactory |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 1 | Cohort | China | 140 | 124 | EPDS | At 24–48 h | At 3th days postpartum | 10 | 11 | 1.0 | 0.645 | 1.55 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012** | 1 | Cohort | China | 130 | 118 | EPDS | At 6 W | At 3 days postpartum | 10 | 11 | 0.797 | 0.507 | 1.253 | Good |
| (31) | Parhizkar, 2012 | 1 | Cross sectional | Iran | 316 | 84 | EPDS | At 4 W | At 7th day postpartum | 10 | 12 | 2.016 | 1.23 | 3.305 | Satisfactory |
| (23) | Alharbi, 2014 | 1 | Cohort | Saudi Arabia | 166 | 186 | EPDS | 8- 12 W | At 8–12 W postpartum | 10 | 11 | 1.7 | 1.05 | 2.74 | Good |
| (32) | Akbari, 2008 | 1 | Cohort | Iran | 28 | 81 | EPDS | At 4 W | At 7th postpartum day | 10 | 11 | 3.22 | 1.494 | 6.941 | Good |
| (32) | Akbari, 2008 | 1 | Cohort | Iran | 29 | 96 | EPDS | At 4 W | At 4 W postpartum | 10 | 11 | 6.591 | 2.962 | 14.667 | Good |
| (33) | Eckerdal, 2016 | 2 | Cohort | Sweden | 106 | 340 | EPDS | At 6 W | At 6-8 W postpartum | 12 | 11 | 1.107 | 0.371 | 3.296 | Good |
| (34) | Paterson, 1994 | 1 | Cross sectional | United kingdom | 251 | 598 | EPDS | At 10th day | At 10th day postpartum | 14 | 10.5 | 1.331 | 0.791 | 2.241 | Satisfactory |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 12 | 125 | EPDS | At 6 W | Early/mid pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 1.278 | 0.436 | 3.744 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 54 | 81 | EPDS | 6 W | Late pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 1.278 | 0.684 | 2.389 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 72 | 483 | EPDS | At 24–48 h | Early/mid pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 0.919 | 0.584 | 1.439 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 71 | 417 | EPDS | At 6 W | Early/mid pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 0.736 | 0.466 | 1.162 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 181 | 366 | EPDS | At 24–48 h | Late pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 1.35 | 0.977 | 1.865 | Good |
| (22) | Armony, 2012 | 2 | Cohort | China | 165 | 315 | EPDS | At 6 W | Late pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 1.247 | 0.886 | 1.756 | Good |
| (32) | Akbari, 2008 | 1 | Cohort | Iran | EPDS | At 4 W | 38-40 W pregnancy | 10 | 11 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 | Good | ||
| (33) | Eckerdal, 2016 | 1 | Cohort | Sweden | 31 | 412 | EPDS | At 6 W | During pregnancy | 11 | 12 | 1.782 | 0.963 | 3.3 | Good |
1: Postpartum anemia on postpartum depression; 2: Anemia during pregnancy and postpartum depression. RR; Relative risk, OR; Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, W; week, H; hours,
*
RR/ OR and 95% CI was estimated.
**
Repetitive studies have been included and estimate the relation between anemia and postpartum depression for more than survey (anemia during pregnancy or postpartum anemia), more than one sample size or also different time point of postpartum depression or anemia.