Table 2.

Description of studies examining the association between pesticides and prostate cancer

Reference (first author)	Design	Country	Exposure	No. of cases	Measure of risk	Risk	95% CI
Alberghini (1991) [83]	Coh	Italy	Pesticide users	19	SMR	0.59	0.28–1.24
Beard (2003) [84]	Coh	Australia	Laboratory staff	16	SIR	1.05	0.46–2.40
Boers (2005) [85]	Coh	The Netherlands	General population	32	RR	0.64	0.41–1.00
Cantor (1999) [86]	Coh	USA	Pesticide users	140	SMR	1.40	0.87–2.25
Dich (1998) [87]	Coh	Sweden	Pesticide users	401	SIR	1.13	1.02–1.25
Ewings (1996) [88]	CC	Great Britain	Pesticide users	97	OR	0.68	0.44–1.05
Figà-Talamanca (1993) [89]	Coh	Italy	Pesticide users	6	SMR	1.00	0.37–2.73
Fleming (1999) [90]	Coh	USA	Pesticide users	353	SIR	1.91	1.72–2.12
Fleming (2003) [91]	Coh	USA	Pesticide users	22	RR	1.30	0.80–2.11
Fritschi (2007) [92]	CC	Australia	Pesticide users	52	OR	1.02	0.69–1.51
Frost (2011) [93]	Coh	Great Britain	Pesticide users	205	SIR	1.07	0.93–1.23
Koutros (2010) [94]	Coh	USA	Private users, commercial users	1,719	SIR	1.19	1.14–1.24
				73	SIR	1.28	1.00–1.64
Meyer (2007) [95]	CC	USA	Pesticide users	177	OR	1.60	1.20–2.13
Sperati (1999) [96]	Coh	Italy	Pesticide users	5	SMR	0.80	0.26–2.46
Subahir (2009) [97]	CC	Malaysia	Pesticide exposure	9	OR	2.40	1.11–5.19
Torchio (1994) [98]	Coh	Italy	Pesticide users	66	SMR	0.96	0.74–1.25
van der Gulden (1995) [99]	CC	The Netherlands	Pesticide users	72	OR	1.47	0.88–2.46
Zhong (1996) [100]	Coh	Island	Pesticide users	10	SIR	0.70	0.33–1.48

CI, confidence interval; Coh, cohort study; CC, case control study; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; RR, relative risk; OR, odds ratio.