Table 3.
Description of studies examining the association between organochlorine pesticides and prostate cancer
| Reference (first author) | Design | Country | Exposure | No. of cases | Measure of risk | Risk | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alavanja (2003) [101] | Coh | USA | Organochlorine pesticides | 47 | OR | 1.39 | 0.99–1.95 |
| Aronson (2010) [102] | CC | Canada | DDE | 24 | OR | 0.73 | 0.38–1.40 |
| DDT | 26 | OR | 1.05 | 0.55–2.00 | |||
| Trans-nonachlor | 22 | OR | 0.83 | 0.42–1.64 | |||
| Oxychlordane | 24 | OR | 0.95 | 0.49–1.84 | |||
| Hexachlorobenzene | 29 | OR | 1.27 | 0.66–2.44 | |||
| Mirex | 24 | OR | 0.58 | 0.32–1.05 | |||
| β-hexachlorocyclo-hexane | 29 | OR | 1.08 | 0.57–2.05 | |||
| Asp (1994) [103] | Coh | Finland | Chlorophenoxy | 6 | SIR | 0.37 | 0.14–0.98 |
| Burns (2001) [104] | Coh | USA | 2,4-D | 7 | SMR | 1.34 | 0.54–3.33 |
| Coggon (2015) [105] | Coh | Great Britain | Fenoxy | 129 | SMR | 1.14 | 0.92–1.41 |
| Fritschi (2007) [92] | CC | Australia | Organochlorine pesticides | 36 | OR | 0.76 | 0.33–1,75 |
| Hardell (2006) [106] | CC | Sweden | Chlordane | 15 | OR | 1.50 | 0.50–4.50 |
| Kogevinas (1997) [107] | Coh | 9 countries | Phenoxy, chlorophenol | 68 | SMR | 1.10 | 0.85–1.42 |
| Koutros (2013) [108] | Coh | USA | Aldrin | 64 | RR | 1.25 | 0.97–1.61 |
| Chlordane | 58 | RR | 1.02 | 0.78–1.33 | |||
| DDT | 95 | RR | 1.18 | 0.95–1.47 | |||
| Dieldrin | 18 | RR | 0.93 | 0.58–1.49 | |||
| Heptachlor | 44 | RR | 1.05 | 0.78–1.41 | |||
| Lindane | 39 | RR | 1.16 | 0.84–1.60 | |||
| Toxaphene | 38 | RR | 0.97 | 0.70–1.34 | |||
| Lee (2004) [109] | Coh | USA | Alachlor | 325 | SIR | 1.16 | 1.04–1.29 |
| Lynge (1998) [110] | Coh | Denmark | Phenoxy | 15 | SIR | 1.00 | 0.60–1.67 |
| Mills (2003) [111] | CC | USA | Chlorothalonil | 135 | OR | 1.06 | 0.71–1.58 |
| Dichloropropene | 131 | OR | 1.00 | 0.68–1.47 | |||
| Dicofol | 131 | OR | 0.94 | 0.65–1.36 | |||
| Heptachlor | 140 | OR | 1.35 | 0.91–2.00 | |||
| Lindane | 129 | OR | 1.32 | 0.88–1.98 | |||
| Mozzachio (2008) [112] | Coh | USA | Chlorothalonil | 23 | RR | 0.79 | 0.52–1.20 |
| Multigner (2010) [113] | CC | French West Indies | Chlordecone | 161 | OR | 1.27 | 0.93–1.73 |
| Ritchie (2003) [114] | CC | USA | Dialdrin | 58 | OR | 0.28 | 0.09–0.87 |
| Heptachlor | 58 | OR | 0.33 | 0.10–1.09 | |||
| Trans-nonachlor | 58 | OR | 1.18 | 0.45–3.09 | |||
| Oxychlordane | 58 | OR | 1.23 | 0.42–3.60 | |||
| Samanic (2006) [115] | Coh | USA | Dicamba | 67 | RR | 1.08 | 0.81–1.44 |
| Sawada (2010) [116] | CC | Japan | o,p′-DDT | 47 | OR | 1.07 | 0.59–1.94 |
| p,p′-DDT | 46 | OR | 1.02 | 0.57–1.83 | |||
| DDE | 53 | OR | 0.96 | 0.58–1.59 | |||
| Trans-nonachlor | 52 | OR | 0.83 | 0.43–1.60 | |||
| Cis-nonachlor | 51 | OR | 0.84 | 0.45–1.57 | |||
| Oxychlordane | 49 | OR | 0.77 | 0.39–1.52 | |||
| HCB | 42 | OR | 0.49 | 0.21–1.14 | |||
| Mirex | 56 | OR | 0.95 | 0.54–1.67 | |||
| β-HCH | 43 | OR | 0.78 | 0.46–1.32 |
CI, confidence interval; Coh, cohort study; CC, case control study; OR, odds ratio; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; RR, relative risk.