Table 4.
Description of studies examining the association between chromium and prostate cancer
| Reference (first author) | Design | Country | Exposure | No. of cases | Measure of risk | Risk | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axelsson (1980) [117] | Coh | Sweden | Ferrochromium workers | 10 | SMR | 1.10 | 0.68–1.78 |
| Gibb (2000) [118] | Coh | USA | Chromium chemical production | 16 | SMR | 1.22 | 1.00–1.49 |
| Huvinen (2013) [119] | Coh | Finland | Ferrochromium, stainless steel | 89 | SIR | 1.31 | 1.05–1.63 |
| Jakobsson (1997) [120] | Coh | Sweden | Grinding stainless steel | 36 | SIR | 1.70 | 1.20–2.41 |
| Knutsson (2000) [121] | Coh | Sweden | Concrete | 769 | SIR | 1.08 | 1.01–1.15 |
| Langård (1990) [122] | Coh | Norway | Ferrochromium | 12 | SMR | 1.56 | 0.68–3.58 |
| Rafnsson (1997) [123] | Coh | Island | Masons | 25 | SIR | 1.04 | 0.67–1.61 |
| Sorahan (2000) [124] | Coh | Great Britain | Chrome platers | 7 | SMR | 1.06 | 0.43–2.61 |
CI, confidence interval; Coh, cohort study; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.