Expression of VAMP727, SYP22, and PR1 to M. incognita. The red lines (RNK) were observed in primary root tip (a) and lateral root apex (b). Bar = 100 µm. (c) Schematic showing M. incognita inoculation and time points for sampling expression of M. incognita-responsive genes. Col-0 plants were grown for 2 weeks, followed by inoculation of M. incognita. The whole roots were harvested after 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of the inoclution. (d) Expression levels of VAMP727, SYP22, and PR1 genes were examined using qRT–PCR. mRNA levels in the samples were normalized against those of Actin mRNA. Data are means ± s.e. (n = 3); different letters indicate significant differences between results (P < .05).