Table 2. Clinical features at ER and during ICU admission in study patients.
| All (n = 146) |
Mortality (n = 24) |
Survival (n = 122) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ER visit | ||||
| PH | 7.35(7.28–7.42) | 7.35(7.28–7.39) | 7.35(7.28–7.43) | 0.643 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 53(41–67) | 50(38–75) | 54.0(42–65) | 0.843 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 206(136–326) | 189(119–358) | 207(139–309) | 0.727 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 4.0(0.9–9.4) | 8.1(1.2–14.1) | 3.4(0.8–8.5) | 0.094 |
| CRP>7.5 mg/dL, n(%) | 48(32.0) | 14(58.3) | 34(27.9) | 0.004 |
| NT-proBNP (n = 110) | 1218(369–4783) | 2295(471–6159) | 1012(331–4706) | 0.136 |
| Inotrope use, n(%) | 15(10.3) | 5(20.8) | 10(8.2) | 0.074 |
| Steroid only | 19(13.0) | 2(8.3) | 17(13.9) | 0.740 |
| Antibiotic only | 38(26.0) | 7(29.2) | 31(25.4) | 0.701 |
| Steroid+ antibiotics | 75(51.4) | 11(45.8) | 64(52.5) | 0.533 |
| ICU admission | ||||
| Pneumonia, n(%) | 70(47.9) | 14(58.3) | 56(45.9) | 0.256 |
| APACHE II | 15(11–19) | 19(14–22) | 15(11–18) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3(2.9–3.7) | 3.1(2.8–3.3) | 3.4(3.0–3.7) | 0.031 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.16(0.9–1.40) | 1.33(0.86–2.33) | 1.09(0.9–1.34) | 0.113 |
| PH | 7.40(7.33–7.47) | 7.37(7.28–7.41) | 7.41(7.34–7.48) | 0.045 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 48(37–62) | 48(35–63) | 48(37–61) | 0.939 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 254(178–323) | 195(124–311) | 258(185–325) | 0.139 |
| IMV use, n(%) | 48(32.9) | 8(33.3) | 40(33.1) | 0.979 |
| NIPPV use, n(%) | 86(58.9) | 14(58.3) | 72(59) | 0.950 |
| Steroid only | 2(1.4) | 1(4.2) | 1(0.8) | 0.303 |
| Antibiotic only | 13(8.9) | 1(4.2) | 12(9.8) | 0.695 |
| Steroid+ antibiotics | 131 (89.7) | 22(91.7) | 109 (89.3) | 1.000 |
| Steroid use via intravenous route for 1wk | 49 (34.5) | 7 (30.4) | 42 (35.3) | 0.654 |
| Hospital Complications, n(%) | 72(49.3) | 20(83.3) | 52(42.6) | <0.001 |
| HAP | 38(26.2) | 10(43.5) | 28(23.0) | 0.040 |
| UTI | 16(11) | 4(16.7) | 12(9.8) | 0.302 |
| AKI | 8(5.5) | 5(20.8) | 3(2.5) | 0.003 |
| CV event | 8(5.5) | 2(8.3) | 6(4.9) | 0.618 |
| GI event | 14(9.6) | 3(12.5) | 11(9) | 0.703 |
| Stroke | 2(1.4) | 2(8.3) | 0(0) | 0.026 |
| Infections newly diagnosed on days 8–14 | 29(21.0) | 7(33.3) | 22(18.8) | 0.150 |
| ICU stay (days) | 13(10–19) | 13(8–24) | 13(10–19) | 0.785 |
| Hospital (days) | 21(15–35) | 20(10–32) | 21(15–36) | 0.311 |
Abbreviation: CRP, C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; APACH II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; HAP, hospital acquired pneumonia; UTI, urine tract infection; AKI, acute kidney injury; CV, cardiovascular; GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit.