Fig. 5. Functional validation of Elp123.

(A) Mean acetyl-CoA (ACO) hydrolysis rate of endogenous ScElp123 (blue) and recombinant Elongator (green) in the presence of different tRNAs. Statistical significance was determined by ordinary two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; α = 0.05) followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test applied to the entire dataset. ns, not significantly different from the protein samples without tRNA (horizontal dotted line); **P < 0.01; mean ± SEM; n = 3; in the case of elp3Δ bulk tRNA, n = 6. (B) Structural overview of all mutations, truncations, and deletions tested in yeast. (C) Phenotypic analyses of various yeast strains carrying variations in Elp1, Elp2, and Elp3 using zymocin resistance assays.