Human MDM were plated in 24-well plates and then infected with HIV-1ADA for 24 hours before incubation with ONC201 or ONC201 isomer at 30 μM for five days. At two days after HIV-1 infection, MDM were transfected with either non-targeting control siRNA or FOXO3a siRNA. A-B) At the experimental end point, FOXO3a and TRAIL mRNA were detected in total cellular RNA through real time RT-PCR. Data were normalized to 18S rRNA and presented as fold change compared to control siRNA group with isomer treatment. C) HIV-1 infection levels were determined by the RTase activity assay. Values represent means ± SEM of three biological replicates. ANOVA analysis: *** denotes p < 0.001, compared to the control siRNA with isomer treatment group; # denotes p < 0.05, ### denotes p < 0.001, compared to the control siRNA with ONC201 treatment group.