Table 2. Downtime interview codebook.
| Downtime interview codebook and frequencies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Theme | Subcode | Definition | Frequency of occurrence |
| Downtime – downtime operations, such as the support for, discovery, or recovery from downtime operations | Discovery | How the beginning scenario of a downtime incident is generally or specifically discovered | 20 |
| Initiation | Once a downtime situation is identified, what are the factors surrounding the implementation of the downtime procedure | 13 | |
| Recovery | Resolution/completion of the downtime incident, recovery/transition back to normal operations | 7 | |
| Communication | Relay of nondiagnostic information during downtime, general, such as person to person communication | 36 | |
| Handling | Comments on behaviors or actions during a downtime incident, such as execution of downtime procedures | 25 | |
| Infrastructure | Comments about critical equipment to maintaining operations | 16 | |
| General | Downtime-related statements that do not conform to the other subcodes | 10 | |
| Specimen Handling – issues relating to the labeling, tracking, testing, and reporting of specimens moving between the ED and laboratory | Labeling | Statement refers directly to the labeling of a specimen | 9 |
| Documentation | Other documents that accompany the specimen, such as the requisition form | 7 | |
| Positive patient identification | Specific mention of positive patient identification or demographic information being incorrect or missing | 4 | |
| Workload and Workflow – work tasks, work stress, and concerns about the implications to patient safety resulting from stress and workload | Patient safety | Reference to patient care and safety concerns | 26 |
| Job role | Reference to specific job role or desire for there to be prescribed downtime job role | 38 | |
| Interruption | Work interruption during downtime | 12 | |
| Result reporting | Reporting of clinical or diagnostic patient information during downtime | 18 | |
| Volume | Volume of workload encountered during downtime | 27 | |
| Communication – transfer of information, both clinical and general information such as understanding between the departments about needs and limitations | Transparency | Indication of the level of communication and work task understanding, trust between hospital areas | 19 |
| General | Communication related statements that don't conform to the other sub codes | 10 | |
| Preparation – activities related to the training, practicing, and creation of downtime procedures, and issues from their execution | Training | Discussion surrounding past/current/future downtime protocol training | 33 |
| Document control | Issues with version control of documents for downtime protocol and training specifically mentioned | 2 | |
| Procedure | Downtime procedure concerns, related to suitability of current procedures or shortcomings | 15 | |
| Improvement | Opportunities for improvement to downtime procedure or noted improvement occurrences developed during downtime, i.e., “did X during last downtime and it worked well” | 21 | |
| General | Preparation-related statements that don't conform to the other subcodes | 4 | |
Abbreviation: ED, emergency department.