Table 1.
General information by sex.
| Male | Female | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Number (%) | 5857 (52.1) | 5386 (47.9) | / |
| Age | 39.9 ± 17.2 | 43.3 ± 17.9 | <0.001 |
| Local residents (%) | 4844 (82.7) | 4758 (88.3) | <0.001 |
| Migrants and floating population (%) | 1013 (17.3) | 628 (11.7) | |
| Symptoms | |||
| Nausea (%) | 1978 (33.8) | 2287 (42.5) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting (%) | 1138 (19.4) | 1598 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting frequency/day | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 0.569 |
| Duration of vomiting, day | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.309 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 5841 (99.7) | 5379 (99.9) | 0.093 |
| Watery stools (%) | 5011 (85.6) | 4717 (87.6) | 0.002 |
| Diarrhea frequency/day | 5.8 ± 2.9 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 0.388 |
| Duration of diarrhea, day | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.309 |
| Abdominal pain (%) | 2295 (39.2) | 2530 (47.0) | <0.001 |
| Fever (%) | 549 (9.4) | 382 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Average body temperature, °C | 38.1 ± 0.5 | 38.0 ± 0.4 | 0.288 |
| Mild dehydration (%) | 166 (2.8) | 165 (3.1) | 0.471 |
| Moderate dehydration (%) | 1 (0.02) | 0 (0.0) | / |
| Heart rate | 77.4 ± 5.7 | 77.1 ± 6.2 | 0.669 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 114.7 ± 14.0 | 109.4 ± 17.4 | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.9 ± 8.5 | 70.9 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Symptoms of neurotoxicity | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | / |
| Epidemiological factors | |||
| Unsafe foods (%) | 3696 (63.1) | 3449 (64.0) | 0.306 |
| Situs: restaurants (%) | 930 (25.2) | 678 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| Situs: home (%) | 2438 (66.0) | 2531 (73.4) | <0.001 |
| Situs: delivery foods (%) | 254 (6.9) | 173 (5.0) | 0.001 |
| Unsafe water (%) | 1 (0.02) | 1 (0.02) | / |
| Exposure to diarrhea within 5 days (%) | 17 (0.3) | 6 (0.1) | / |
| Travel within one week (%) | 5 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | / |
| Clinical laboratory tests | |||
| Fecal leukocyte positive (%) | 1250/4250 (29.4) | 1110/3891 (28.5) | 0.380 |
| Fecal red cell positive (%) | 458/4149 (11.0) | 354/3784 (9.4) | 0.013 |
| Blood routine test (%) | 5025 (85.8) | 4911 (91.2) | / |
| White blood cell count, x10^9/L | 73.0 ± 13.8 | 74.5 ± 13.7 | 0.394 |
Continuous variables are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs); differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies (percentages); differences in frequencies were evaluated using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability test.