Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of participants recruited from the Health Survey of England (1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008) and Scottish Health Survey (1995, 1998, 2003).
| Characteristics | Chronic back condition |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants (n = 60,134) | Yes(n = 3336) | No(n = 56,798) | |
| n (%) | % | % | |
| Age (year)a | 45.7 ± 16.7 | 49.5 ± 14.0 | 45.5 ± 16.8 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 28,047 (50.6) | 6.0 | 94.0 |
| Female | 32,087 (49.4) | 5.1 | 94.9 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 51,604 (85.2) | 6.2 | 93.8 |
| Black | 2477 (4.3) | 1.5 | 98.5 |
| Asian | 4425 (7.7) | 1.6 | 98.4 |
| Chinese or other | 1628 (2.8) | 2.1 | 97.9 |
| BMI | |||
| Underweight | 898 (1.5) | 2.7 | 97.3 |
| Normal | 23,467 (39.0) | 4.7 | 95.3 |
| Overweight | 23,037 (38.3) | 5.9 | 94.1 |
| Obese | 12,732 (21.2) | 6.7 | 93.3 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoker | 29,820 (49.6) | 4.6 | 95.4 |
| Previous smoker | 14,200 (23.6) | 6.7 | 93.3 |
| Current smoker | 16,114 (26.8) | 6.3 | 93.7 |
| Education | |||
| Higher education | 16,560 (27.5) | 5.0 | 95.0 |
| Further education (A level) | 6370 (10.6) | 4.8 | 95.2 |
| No further education (O level/below) | 16,449 (27.4) | 5.8 | 94.2 |
| Other (foreign/full-time students) | 5533 (9.2) | 4.5 | 95.5 |
| No qualification | 15,222 (25.3) | 6.5 | 93.5 |
| Social occupational class | |||
| Professional and managerial | 19,692 (32.7) | 5.3 | 94.7 |
| Manual | 25,408 (42.3) | 6.1 | 93.9 |
| Nonmanual | 14,685 (24.4) | 4.9 | 95.1 |
| Other (Armed Forces) | 349 (0.6) | 5.2 | 94.8 |
| Employment status | |||
| Full time | 43,712 (72.7) | 5.7 | 94.3 |
| Part time | 16,422 (27.3) | 5.0 | 95.0 |
| GHQ-12 score | |||
| 0 | 49,628 (61.4) | 4.2 | 95.8 |
| 1–3 | 19,751 (24.4) | 6.9 | 93.1 |
| ≥4 | 11,451 (14.2) | 9.3 | 90.7 |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease | |||
| Yes | 13,893 (23.1) | 6.5 | 93.5 |
| No | 46,241 (76.9) | 5.3 | 94.7 |
| Prevalent cancer | |||
| Yes | 3545 (5.9) | 11.3 | 88.7 |
| No | 56,589 (94.1) | 5.2 | 94.8 |
| Prevalent musculoskeletal conditions | |||
| Yes | 6876 (11.4) | 10.7 | 89.3 |
| No | 53,258 (88.6) | 4.9 | 95.1 |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; GHQ-12 = General Health Questionnaire-12.
a
Data are presented mean ± SD.