Fig. 5.

Effect of increasing doses of Thiamet-G (ThG) on mitochondrial DNA and biogenesis proteins. A–C: following treatment for 6 h with increasing doses of ThG citrate synthase activity (A), mitochondrial DNA copy number relative to nuclear DNA (B), and mitochondrial DNA damage were measured (C). D and E: the levels of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM; D) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α; E) were measured via immunoblot analysis and quantified relative to β-actin. Data are means ± SE; n = 3 replicates per sample. *P < 0.05, different from untreated control. #P < 0.05, different from 1 µM ThG treatment. ^P < 0.05, different from 3 µM ThG treatment.