Fig. 2.

NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) neutralization with NEMO-binding peptide (NBP) inhibits peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4)-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB in HK-2 cells. The nuclear p65 subunit of NF-κB increased with human recombinant PAD4 treatment (10 μg/ml for 4 h) in HK-2 cells. NEMO NBP (10 μM, 30-min pretreatment) blocked the increase in p65 subunit of NF-κB nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells. Top: histone 3 immunoblot analysis was performed to normalize nuclear protein loading. Bottom: bar graph shows band intensity quantifications demonstrating increased p65 nuclear translocation that was blocked by NBP treatment. *P < 0.05 vs. vehicle; #P < 0.05 vs. PAD4 (n = 6 experiments). Error bars represent 1 SE.