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. 2019 Jul 4;11:172. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00172

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Copyright © 2019 Nizari, Carare, Romero and Hawkes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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3D reconstruction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). (A,B) Photomicrograph (A) and 3D reconstruction (B) of an artery stained for collagen IV (dark blue), smooth muscle actin (SMA; green), astrocytes (turquoise) and cholinergic nerve fibers (red). (C–E) Yellow outlines indicate the surfaces created for each of the NVU components. Examples are shown for surface area contact between perivascular astrocytes and collagen IV (C), contact of cholinergic nerve fibers to smooth muscle cells (D, yellow outlines in inset) and contact of cholinergic nerve fibers to collagen IV (E, yellow outlines in inset). Scale bar (A,B,D,E) = 5 μm, (C) = 20 μm.