Table 3.
Baseline differences between the normoglycemic group and the group with prediabetes/T2D in different lipoprotein components and subclasses
| Parameter | Normoglycemic | Prediabetic/T2D* | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids | |||
| Extremely large VLDL | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | <0.0001 |
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.13) | <0.001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.17 (0.13, 0.22) | 0.35 (0.26, 0.48) | <0.0001 |
| Medium VLDL | 0.41 (0.34, 0.50) | 0.67 (0.52, 0.87) | <0.01 |
| Small VLDL | 0.047 (0.42, 0.54) | 0.61 (0.51, 0.72) | 0.047 |
| IDL | 1.06 (0.95, 0.17) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) | <0.01 |
| Large LDL | 1.29 (1.15, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | <0.001 |
| Medium LDL | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.59 (0.50, 0.69) | <0.01 |
| Small LDL | 0.51 (0.46, 0.56) | 0.40 (0.34, 0.46) | <0.01 |
| Small HDL | 1.10 (1.06, 1.14) | 1.19 (1.14, 1.25) | <0.01 |
| Phospholipids | |||
| Extremely large VLDL | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001) | 0.004 (0.003, 0.007) | <0.0001 |
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.005 (0.003, 0.009) | 0.012 (0.007, 0.022) | <0.0001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | <0.0001 |
| Medium VLDL | 0.006 (0.004, 0.009) | 0.015 (0.009, 0.025) | <0.001 |
| Small VLDL | 0.11 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.15 (0.13, 0.17) | 0.01 |
| Extra-small VLDL | 0.14 (0.13, 0.15) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.02 |
| IDL | 0.29 (0.27, 0.33) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25) | <0.0001 |
| Large LDL | 0.33 (0.30, 0.36) | 0.25 (0.23, 0.29) | <0.001 |
| Medium LDL | 0.20 (0.19, 0.22) | 0.17 (0.15, 0.19) | 0.02 |
| Extra-large HDL | 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) | 0.02 |
| Small HDL | 0.54 (0.52, 0.56) | 0.65 (0.62, 0.69) | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol | |||
| Extremely large VLDL | 0.001 (0.001, 0.002) | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) | <0.001 |
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.005 (0.003, 0.008) | 0.011 (0.007, 0.018) | <0.001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) | <0.001 |
| Extra-small VLDL | 0.21 (0.19, 0.23) | 0.17 (0.15, 0.19) | <0.001 |
| IDL | 0.68 (0.61, 0.75) | 0.49 (0.41, 0.57) | <0.01 |
| Large LDL | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.74) | <0.0001 |
| Medium LDL | 0.54 (0.48, 0.61) | 0.37 (0.30, 0.45) | <0.01 |
| Small LDL | 0.33 (0.29, 0.37) | 0.23 (0.19, 0.27) | <0.01 |
| Cholesterol esters | |||
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.003 (0.002, 0.004) | 0.006 (0.004, 0.010) | <0.001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | <0.001 |
| Extra-small VLDL | 0.14 (0.13, 0.16) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.13) | <0.001 |
| IDL | 0.48 (0.43, 0.53) | 0.36 (0.30, 0.42) | <0.01 |
| Large LDL | 0.64 (0.57, 0.73) | 0.44 (0.36, 0.53) | <0.001 |
| Medium LDL | 0.39 (0.34, 0.45) | 0.25 (0.20, 0.31) | <0.01 |
| Small LDL | 0.24 (0.21, 0.27) | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | <0.001 |
| Small HDL | 0.40 (0.38, 0.43) | 0.36 (0.33, 0.39) | 0.02 |
| Free cholesterol | |||
| Extremely large VLDL | 0.0004 (0.0003, 0.0007) | 0.0024 (0.0014, 0.0043) | <0.0001 |
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004) | 0.005 (0.003, 0.009) | <0.001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.05) | <0.001 |
| Medium VLDL | 0.05 (0.03, 0.06} | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | <0.001 |
| Small VLDL | 0.07 (0.06, 0.07) | 0.08 (0.07, 0.10) | 0.04 |
| Extra-small VLDL | 0.07 (0.06, 0.07) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.03 |
| IDL | 0.20 (0.18, 0.22) | 0.13 (0.11, 0.16) | <0.0001 |
| Large LDL | 0.26 (0.23, 0.28) | 0.18 (0.15, 0.21) | <0.0001 |
| Medium LDL | 0.15 (0.14, 0.16) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.13) | <0.0001 |
| Small LDL | 0.09 (0.08, 0.10) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) | <0.01 |
| Extra-large HDL | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | <0.01 |
| Large HDL | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.04 |
| Small HDL | 0.10 (0.10, 0.11) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.12) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | |||
| Extremely large VLDL | 0.01 (0.008, 0.013) | 0.03 (0.020, 0.039) | <0.0001 |
| Extra-large VLDL | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Large VLDL | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) | 0.22 (0.17, 0.30) | <0.0001 |
| Medium VLDL | 0.22 (0.18, 0.27) | 0.39 (0.31, 0.51) | <0.0001 |
| Small VLDL | 0.19 (0.17, 0.22) | 0.28 (0.24, 0.34) | <0.0001 |
| Extra-small VLDL | 0.09 (0.08, 0.10) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.02 |
| Medium HDL | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.05) | <0.001 |
| Small HDL | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | <0.0001 |
Values are model-based means with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses and are given in mmol/l; number of subjects n = 44 (all men). HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; T2D, type 2 diabetes; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.
*
Women were excluded from the analysis to avoid mixing effects of sex.