Table 5.
Subject anthropometrics, glucose lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers for SIT and MICT exercise-training modes
| SIT |
MICT |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Training × Time P Value |
| n | 27 | 27 | |||
| Men/women | 23/4 | 21/6 | |||
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Weight, kg | 86.6 (82.3, 90.8) | 86.1 (81.8, 90.4) | 88.1 (83.9, 92.3) | 87.8 (83.6, 92.0) | 0.63 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.8 (26.6, 29.0) | 27.6 (26.4, 28.8) | 28.7 (27.5, 29.9) | 28.6 (27.4, 29.7) | 0.60 |
| Whole body fat,† % | 26.2 (23.5, 29.3) | 25.1 (22.5, 28.1) | 27.1 (24.3, 30.3) | 26.2 (23.4, 29.2) | 0.65 |
| Subcutaneous fat mass,† kg | 5.5 (4.6, 6.4) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.3) | 5.7 (4.8, 6.7) | 5.6 (4.7, 6.6) | 0.57 |
| Visceral fat mass,‡ kg | 3.0 (2.4, 3.7) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.6) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.7) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.5) | 0.43 |
| V̇o2peak, ml·kg−1·min−1 | 31.1 (28.9, 33.2) | 32.7 (30.5, 34.9) | 30.6 (28.5, 32.8) | 31.1 (28.9, 33.3) | 0.053 |
| Liver volume,† ml | 1,417 (1,329, 1,510) | 1,398 (1,311, 1,491) | 1,547 (1,455, 1,646) | 1,543 (1,450, 1,642) | 0.56 |
| Glucose profile | |||||
| Glucosefasting,† mmol/l | 6.1 (5.7, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.7, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.7, 6.4) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.2) | 0.44 |
| Glucoseclamp, mmol/l | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) | 5.0 (4.8, 5.2) | 0.56 |
| Insulinfasting FDGday,† mU/l | 7.9 (6.2, 10.0) | 7.0 (5.5, 8.9) | 7.4 (5.8, 9.3) | 7.6 (6.0, 9.7) | 0.19 |
| Insulinclamp, mU/l | 80.7 (74.7, 86.7) | 80.5 (74.2, 86.7) | 80.7 (74.8, 86.5) | 82.8 (76.6, 89.0) | 0.56 |
| EGP,‡ µmol·min−1·kg−1 | 5.8 (4.2, 7.7) | 5.9 (4.2, 7.8) | 6.6 (4.9, 8.5) | 7.1 (5.2, 9.3) | 0.76 |
| Whole body insulin sensitivity (M-value),† µmol·min−1·kg−1 | 25.0 (20.5, 30.5) | 30.6 (25.0, 37.4) | 20.6 (16.9, 25.1) | 23.6 (19.2, 28.9) | 0.47 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 37.3 (35.7, 38.9) | 35.9 (34.3, 37.5) | 38.4 (36.9, 40.0) | 35.9 (34.2, 37.5) | 0.14 |
| Lipid profile | |||||
| FFAfasting, mmol/l | 0.69 (0.61, 0.77) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.76) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.88) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.79)* | 0.03§ |
| FFAclamp,‡ mmol/l | 0.071 (0.06, 0.09) | 0.063 (0.05, 0.08) | 0.082 (0.07, 0.10) | 0.067 (0.05, 0.08) | 0.58 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.0 (4.7, 5.4) | 4.4 (4.0, 4.7) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.3) | 4.6 (4.2, 4.9) | 0.07 |
| HDL,† mmol/l | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.23 |
| LDL, mmol/l | 3.0 (2.7, 3.3) | 2.6 (2.3, 2.9) | 3.0 (2.6, 3.3) | 2.7 (2.4, 3.1) | 0.09 |
| Triglycerides,† mmol/l | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.83 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||
| CRP,† mg/l | 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.4) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.64 |
| ALAT,† U/l | 31.3 (26.3, 37.2) | 25.2 (21.1, 30.0) | 29.8 (25.2, 35.3) | 26.4 (22.2, 31.5) | 0.27 |
| ASAT,† U/l | 27.1 (24.0, 30.5) | 21.7 (19.2, 24.6) | 26.3 (23.4, 29.5) | 24.7 (21.8, 28.1) | 0.10 |
| GT,† U/l | 28.3 (22.0, 36.3) | 22.6 (17.5, 29.1) | 29.8 (23.3, 38.1) | 22.6 (17.6, 29.0) | 0.52 |
Values are model-based means with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses; number of subjects n = 54 (men and women). The P value for training × time interaction indicates whether the change in the parameter was different between the sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) modes. ALAT, alanine transaminase; ASAT, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; EGP, endogenous glucose production; FFAclamp and FFAfasting, free fatty acid concentration during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and during fasting, respectively; Glucoseclamp and Glucosefasting, glucose concentration during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and during fasting, respectively; GT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Insulinclamp and Insulinfasting FDGday, insulin concentration during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and during fasting on the day of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose injection, respectively; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Post, posttraining; Pre, pretraining; V̇o2peak, aerobic capacity (peak oxygen consumption).
P value was significant for the MICT group.
Log transformation was performed to achieve normal distribution.
Square root transformation was performed to achieve normal distribution.
P value is statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).