Table 1.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Amnion Graft Augmentation, Bone Marrow Concentrate Injection, and Suture Tape Augmentation in ACL Reconstruction

Advantages

Amnion may lead to faster synovialization and vascularization of the graft.

Bone marrow harvesting can be performed in the same surgical field.

Stem cells and bone grafting may lead to faster and more robust incorporation in both tunnels.

Suture tape augmentation may lead to improved early outcomes and an earlier return to play.

Disadvantages

Increased cost

Increased graft preparation time and operating time

Added incision for bone marrow harvest

Theoretically increased risk of fracture at aspiration site of tibia

ACL, anterior cruciate ligament.