Table 1.
Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Not Taking HIV Test in MSM Using Dating Apps in Brazil, 2017.
| Have you been tested for HIV in the last 12 months? | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Variables | n | % | n | % | p value* |
| Age group | <.001 | ||||
| 50 to 59 | 53 | 29.9 | 124 | 70.1 | |
| 60 to 69 | 95 | 61.7 | 59 | 38.3 | |
| 70 or older | 47 | 58.0 | 34 | 42.0 | |
| Education | .436 | ||||
| Less than 9 years of study | 11 | 39.3 | 17 | 60.7 | |
| 9 years or more | 184 | 47.9 | 217 | 52.1 | |
| Religion | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 61 | 36.4 | 124 | 63.6 | |
| No | 124 | 57.1 | 93 | 42.9 | |
| Relationship | .357 | ||||
| In a relationship | 51 | 46.0 | 48 | 54.0 | |
| Not in a relationship/Single | 144 | 51.5 | 169 | 48.5 | |
| Sexual orientation | .161** | ||||
| Heterosexual | 2 | 20.0 | 8 | 80.0 | |
| Homosexual | 150 | 53.8 | 172 | 46.3 | |
| Bisexual/others | 43 | 46.6 | 37 | 53.4 | |
| Current sexual partnership | .005 | ||||
| Eventual partner | 138 | 53.1 | 122 | 46.9 | |
| Fixed partner | 15 | 31.3 | 33 | 68.8 | |
| Fixed and eventual partners | 42 | 40.4 | 62 | 59.6 | |
| Did you meet your current partner through the app? | .005 | ||||
| Yes | 61 | 36.7 | 105 | 63.3 | |
| No | 97 | 51.1 | 93 | 48.9 | |
| App used | |||||
| Grindr | .002 | ||||
| Yes | 132 | 53.7 | 114 | 46.3 | |
| No | 63 | 38.0 | 103 | 62.0 | |
| SCRUFF | .015 | ||||
| Yes | 86 | 55.1 | 70 | 44.9 | |
| No | 109 | 42.6 | 147 | 57.4 | |
| Hornet | .007 | ||||
| Yes | 102 | 54.8 | 84 | 45.2 | |
| No | 93 | 41.2 | 133 | 58.8 | |
| Tinder | .308 | ||||
| Yes | 31 | 41.9 | 43 | 58.1 | |
| No | 164 | 48.5 | 174 | 51.5 | |
| Daddyhunt | .001 | ||||
| Yes | 71 | 60.2 | 47 | 39.8 | |
| No | 124 | 42.2 | 170 | 57.8 | |
| Reason for use | |||||
| Making friends | .516 | ||||
| Yes | 54 | 44.6 | 67 | 55.4 | |
| No | 141 | 48.5 | 150 | 51.5 | |
| Sex | .029 | ||||
| Yes | 180 | 49.3 | 185 | 50.7 | |
| No | 15 | 31.9 | 32 | 68.1 | |
| Spend time | .094 | ||||
| Yes | 35 | 39.3 | 54 | 60.7 | |
| No | 160 | 49.5 | 163 | 50.5 | |
| Relationship | .516 | ||||
| Yes | 59 | 47.2 | 66 | 52.8 | |
| No | 136 | 47.4 | 151 | 52.6 | |
| Time of app use | .425 | ||||
| 12 months or less | 84 | 49.7 | 85 | 50.3 | |
| More than 12 months | 111 | 45.7 | 132 | 54.3 | |
| Had STIs in recent months *** | .237 | ||||
| Yes | 38 | 41.8 | 53 | 58.2 | |
| No | 157 | 48.9 | 164 | 51.1 | |
| HIV status | <.001 | ||||
| Positive | 15 | 31.3 | 33 | 68.8 | |
| Negative | 94 | 39.7 | 143 | 60.3 | |
| Don’t know | 86 | 67.7 | 41 | 32.3 | |
| Knows the PEP | .013 | ||||
| Yes | 70 | 40.0 | 105 | 60.0 | |
| No | 125 | 52.7 | 112 | 47.3 | |
| Knows the PrEP | .102 | ||||
| Yes | 38 | 39.8 | 58 | 60.4 | |
| No | 157 | 49.7 | 159 | 50.3 | |
| Prevention methods | |||||
| Condom | .554 | ||||
| Yes | 168 | 47.3 | 187 | 52.7 | |
| No | 27 | 47.4 | 30 | 52.6 | |
| Ejaculate out of the anal cavity | .002 | ||||
| Yes | 90 | 57.3 | 67 | 42.7 | |
| No | 105 | 41.2 | 150 | 58.8 | |
| Sex without penetration | .029 | ||||
| Yes | 50 | 58.1 | 36 | 41.9 | |
| No | 145 | 44.5 | 181 | 55.5 | |
| Know partner’s serological status | .015 | ||||
| Yes | 10 | 27.8 | 26 | 72.2 | |
| No | 185 | 49.2 | 191 | 50.8 | |
| Do you know your partner’s serological status? | .001 | ||||
| No partner | 44 | 44.0 | 56 | 56.0 | |
| Yes. Positive | 7 | 36.8 | 12 | 63.2 | |
| Yes. Negative | 27 | 29.7 | 64 | 70.3 | |
| I do not know | 117 | 57.9 | 85 | 42.1 | |
| Number of sexual partners† | .025 | ||||
| No sexual partner | 31 | 57.4 | 23 | 42.6 | |
| One partner | 46 | 37.7 | 76 | 62.3 | |
| More than one partner | 118 | 50.0 | 118 | 50.0 | |
| Use of drugs during sex† | .050 | ||||
| Marijuana | |||||
| Yes | 35 | 59.3 | 24 | 40.7 | |
| No | 160 | 45.3 | 193 | 54.7 | |
| Alcohol | .098 | ||||
| Yes | 62 | 41.9 | 86 | 58.1 | |
| No | 128 | 50.6 | 125 | 49.4 | |
| Use of Viagra | .007 | ||||
| Never | 96 | 41.2 | 137 | 58.8 | |
| Sometimes | 76 | 58.5 | 54 | 41.5 | |
| Always | 23 | 46.9 | 26 | 53.1 | |
Note. MSM = men who have sex with men; STIs = sexually transmitted infections; PEP = postexposure prophylaxis; PrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis. *Statistical significance was set at .05; **Fisher’s exact test; ***12 months prior to the survey. †30 days prior to the survey.