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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2018 Oct;23(5):538–545. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000565

Figure 1. Recent approaches to targeting/modification of DC to promote tolerance.

Figure 1

(a) Activation of dexamethasone (Dex)-generated DCreg with the Toll-like receptor 4 ligand MPLA (monophosphoryl lipid A) is associated with upregulation of tolerance-associated genes and downregulation of inflammatory genes. (b) Rapamycin-loaded silicon nanoparticles displaying anti-DC-SIGN are taken up by myeloid DC that, in turn, suppress allogeneic T cell proliferation. (c) Overexpression of the chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) enhances immature mouse DC migration and tolerogenic function. (d) Infusion of donor-derived DCreg generated from induced pluripotential stem cells (iPSC) is associated with prolonged allograft survival. (e) IL-10 induces a CD83hi CCR7+ human DCreg subset that exhibits efficient CCR7-directed migration and generates potently suppressive CD4+ Treg.