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. 2019 Jul 4;10:1470. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01470

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Copyright © 2019 Seki, Miyoshi, Ikeda, Nishijima, Saikusa, Itamochi, Minagawa, Kurata, Ootomo, Kajiwara, Kato, Komase, Tanaka-Taya, Sunagawa, Oishi, Okabe, Kimura, Suga, Kozawa, Otsuki, Mori, Shirabe, Takeda, the Measles Virus Surveillance Group of Japan and the Technical Support Team for Measles Control in Japan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic trees of the genotype D5, D4, and D9 MV strains. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum-likelihood method based on the N450 nucleotide sequence. Circles colored in gray indicate strains detected in Japan between 2008 and 2013. Circles colored in blue, green, orange, and red indicate strains detected in Japan in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Underlined MV strains are WHO reference strains. MV strains with brown characters are WHO-named strains. Others are overseas MV strains with the identical N450 sequences to one or another MV strains detected in Japan. The number (n) of each MV strain with an identical N450 sequence is shown, if the strain was detected from more than one case. (A) Genotype D5. (B) Genotypes D4 and D9.