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. 2019 Jul 5;14:4911–4929. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S209987

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© 2019 Anter et al.

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Histopathological examination of glandular stomach of rats following (A) concurrent induction and treatment regimen and (B) post-treatment regimen.

Notes: (I) Normal control group, (II) positive control group, (III) free APO treated group, and (IV) APO-loaded COS-NP_s (F4) treated group. Oral dose of free or loaded APO was 14 mg/kg. Thick black arrow points to extensive areas of ulceration. Thick green arrow points to decreased thickness of mucosa due to loss of superficial epithelial layers. Thick red arrows point to focal erosion. Thin black arrows point to congested blood vessels. Thin red arrows point to leukocytic cells' infiltration. Asterisk points to edema. H&E, 100×.

Abbreviations: APO, apocynin; COS, chitosan oligosaccharide; M, mucosa; H & E, hematoxylin and eosin; NP_s, nanoparticles; SM, submucosa.