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. 2019 Jul 5;14:4911–4929. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S209987

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© 2019 Anter et al.

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Histochemical staining of glandular stomach of rats with toluidine blue stain following (A) concurrent induction and treatment regimen and (B) post-treatment regimen.

Notes: (I) Normal control group, (II) positive control group, (III) free APO treated group, and (IV) APO-loaded COS-NP_s (F4) treated group. Oral dose of free or loaded APO was 14 mg/kg. Thick black arrows point to mucosal damage. Thin black arrows in insert point to mast cells. Thin red arrows point to leukocytic cells' infiltration. Toluidine blue stain, 100× and insert 200×.

Abbreviations: APO, apocynin; COS, chitosan oligosaccharide; M, mucosa; NP_s, nanoparticles; SM, submucosa.