Table 1.
Main clinical features and circulating betatrophin levels in study populations.
| Group | PCOS | Controls | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MetS | No-MetS | |||
| N | 65 | 78 | 98 | — |
| Age (yr)b | 26.2 ± 3.4 | 25.4 ± 4.9 | 25.7 ± 2.3 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 25.9(23.2-30.4)∗∗▲▲ | 23.5(19.7-26.4)∗∗ | 20.0(18.6-21.3) | <0.001 |
| FAT (%) | 39.27±9.23∗∗▲▲ | 31.8±9.0∗∗ | 26.6 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| WHRb | 0.89(0.83-0.93)∗∗▲▲ | 0.84(0.80-0.87)∗∗ | 0.78(0.75-0.84) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg)b | 119(109-125)∗∗ | 114(107-120)∗∗ | 108(102-116) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 9∗▲ | 75 ± 6 | 75 ± 8 | <0.05 |
| TG (mmol/L)a | 2.30(1.66-3.08)∗∗▲▲ | 1.06(0.64-1.77)∗ | 0.80(0.59-1.29) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.64±0.95∗∗▲ | 4.24 ± 1.11∗ | 3.86 ± 1.00 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L)b | 1.20(1.04-1.25)∗∗▲▲ | 1.41(1.19-1.58)∗∗ | 1.17(0.99-1.43) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.69±0.86∗∗▲ | 2.34 ± 0.83 | 2.16 ± 0.87 | <0.01 |
| FFA (μmol/L) | 0.63 ± 0.18 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | 0.56 ± 0.28 | NS |
| FBG (mmol/L)a | 5.15(4.74-5.76)∗∗▲▲ | 4.81(4.43-5.05)∗∗ | 4.42(4.03-4.74) | <0.001 |
| FIns (pmol/L)b | 19.24 (13.3-28.3)∗∗▲▲ | 9.59(6.80-17.75)∗∗ | 7.02(6.10-8.45) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%)b | 5.30(5.10-5.65)∗∗ | 5.30(5.10-5.50)∗∗ | 5.20(5.00-5.30) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IRb | 4.55(2.68-6.34)∗∗▲▲ | 2.05(1.52-3.55)∗∗ | 1.35(1.16-1.73) | <0.001 |
| M-value (mg/kg/min)a | 4.12(30.48-5.71)∗∗▲▲ | 5.91(4.95-8.77)∗∗ | 10.29(8.07-11.94) | <0.001 |
| ADI (μg/mL) | 26.4±12.6∗∗▲▲ | 36.5±16.9∗∗ | 47.06 ± 14.04 | <0.001 |
| ANGPTL8 (μg/L) | 0.67±0.14∗∗▲▲ | 0.52±0.16∗∗ | 0.33 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
| PRL (mIU/L)b | 337.1(230.8-561.6)∗∗ | 381.6(216.8-490.0) | 374.6(235.0-404.6) | NS |
| PROG (nmol/L)b | 2.81(1.87-3.12) | 2.81(2.18-3.12) | 2.50(1.87-3.20) | NS |
| LH (IU/L)a | 7.32(4.56-11.90)∗∗ | 10.80(6.21-15.09)∗∗ | 4.31(3.04-6.16) | <0.001 |
| FSH (IU/L)a | 7.60(6.10-8.63) | 7.42(6.18-9.10) | 7.80(6.73-9.26) | NS |
| TEST (nmol/L)b | 2.99(1.95-3.86)∗∗ | 2.79(2.20-3.43)∗∗ | 1.65(1.21-2.29) | NS |
| E2 (pmol/L)b | 212.9(126.6-280.8) | 194.5(98.4-244.1) | 183.5(119.6-255.1) | NS |
| DHEAS (μg/dL)b | 202.9(163.3-149.5)∗ | 183.4.0(150.4-214.3) | 182.1(141.9-217.0) | <0.05 |
| SHBG (nmol/L)a | 30.6(17.8-42.2)∗∗▲▲ | 40.6(24.2-75.2)∗∗ | 57.4(42.0-75.6) | <0.001 |
| FAIa | 9.45(4.83-16.96)∗∗▲ | 6.78(3.47-10.21)∗∗ | 2.59(1.80-4.97) | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; FAT%: body fat %; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA: free fatty acid; FBG: fasting blood glucose; FIns: fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: HOMA-insulin resistance index; M-value: whole body glucose uptake rate; ADI: adiponectin; PRL: prolactin; PROG: progestogen; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; TEST: total testosterone; E2: estradiol; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin. FAI: free androgen index. Data are median (interquartile range) or frequency (percent). aLog transformed before analysis; bnonparametric test was used in comparisons between those groups. ∗P < 0.05, compared with controls; ▲P < 0.05, compared with no MetS; ∗∗P < 0.01, compared with the controls; ▲▲P < 0.01, compared with no MetS.