Table 1.
Primers used in the PCRs carried out in this study.
| Primer | Sequence (5′-3′) | Target | PCR product size (bp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 Integron | |||
| Hep58 | TCA TGG CTT GTT ATG ACT GT | Class 1 integron variable region | Variable |
| Hep59 | GTA GGG CTT ATT ATG CAC GC | ||
| β-Lactamases | |||
| TEM-F | ATAAAATTCTTGAAGACGAAA | bla TEM | 643 |
| TEM-R | GACAGTTACCAATGCTTAATC | ||
| SHV-F | TTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACC | bla SHV | 860 |
| SHV-R | GATTTGCTGATTTCGCTCGG | ||
| PSE-F | TAGGTGTTTCCGTTCTTG | bla PSE | 150 |
| PSE-R | TCATTTCGCTCTTCCATT | ||
| OXA-F | TCAACTTTCAAGATCGCA | bla OXA | 591 |
| OXA-R | GTGTGTTTAGAATGGTGA | ||
| CMY-2-F | ACGGAACTGATTTCATGATG | bla CMY-2 | 714 |
| CMY-2-R | GAAAGGAGGCCCAATATCCT | ||
| Tetracyclines | |||
| tetA-F | GCTACATCCTGCTTGCCTTC | tetA | 211 |
| tetA-R | CATAGATCGCCGTGAAGAGG | ||
| tetB-F | TTGGTTAGGGGCAAGTTTTG | tetB | 391 |
| tetB-R | GTAATGGGCCAATAACACCG | ||
| Plasmid-mediated quinolones | |||
| qnrA-F | ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG | qnrA | 519 |
| qnrA-R | GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA | ||
| qnrB-F | GATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGG | qnrB | 513 |
| qnrB-R | ACGATGCCTGGTAGTTGTCC | ||
| qnrC-F | GGTTGTACATTTATTGAATC | qnrC | 666 |
| qnrC-R | TCCACTTTACGAGGTTCT | ||
| qnrD-F | AGATCAATTTACGGGGAATA | qnrD | 984 |
| qnrD-R | AACAAGCTGAAGCGCCTG | ||
| qnrS-F | ACGACATTCGTCAACTGCAA | qnrS | 417 |
| qnrS-R | TAAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC | ||
| aac(6′)-Ib-F | TTGCGATGCTCTATGAGTGGCTA | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | 482 |
| aac(6′)-Ib-R | CTCGAATGCCTGGCGTGTTT | ||
| oqxA-F | GATCAGTCAGTGGGATAGTTT | oqxA | 670 |
| oqxA-R | TACTCGGCGTTAACTGATTA | ||
| Chloramphenicols | |||
| cmlA-F | TGCCAGCAGTGCCGTTTAT | cmlA | 900 |
| cmlA-R | CACCGCCCAAGCAGAAGTA | ||
| stcM-L | CACGTTGAGCCTCTATATGG | floR | 890 |
| stcM-R | ATGCAGAAGTAGAACGCGAC | ||
| Sulphonamides | |||
| sul1-F | CTTCGATGAGAGCCGGCGGC | sul1 | 238 |
| sul1-F | GCAAGGCGGAAACCCGCGCC | ||
| sul2-F | GCGCTCAAGGCAGATGGCATT | sul2 | 793 |
| sul2-F | GCGTTTGATACCGGCACCCGT | ||
| sul3-R | AGATGTGATTGATTTGGGAGC | sul3 | 443 |
| sul3-R | TAGTTGTTTCTGGATTAGAGCCT | ||
| Aminoglycosides | |||
| aac(3)-I-F | ACCTACTCCCAACATCAGCC | aac(3)-I | 528 |
| aac(3)-I-R | ATATAGATCTCACTACGCGC | ||
| aac(3)-II-F | ACTGTGATGGGATACGCGTC | aac(3)-II | 482 |
| aac(3)-II-R | CTCCGTCAGCGTTTCAGCTA | ||
| aac(3)-III-F | CACAAGAACGTGGTCCGCTA | aac(3)-III | 185 |
| aac(3)-III-R | AACAGGTAAGCATCCGCATC | ||
| aac(3)-IV-F | CTTCAGGATGGCAAGTTGGT | aac(3)-IV | 286 |
| aac(3)-IV-R | TCATCTCGTTCTCCGCTCAT | ||
| Ant(2′)-F | ATGTTACGCAGCAGGGCAGTCG | Ant(2′) | 187 |
| Ant(2′)-R | CGTCAGATCAATATCATCGTGC | ||