Table 1.

All clusters that survived a whole-brain familywise error-corrected threshold of p < 0.05 in the random effects contrast for an RSTD prediction error signal

Anatomical location	Peak x, y, z (mm)	Cluster size	t(15)	V(stimulus) (at stimulus)	Reward (at outcome)	−V(stimulus) (at outcome)
Left nucleus accumbens	−15, 6, −15	4	8.02	p < 0.0001**	p = 0.0011**	p < 0.0001**
Right tail of caudate	21, −12, 24	4	8.34	p = 0.0436*	p = 0.3884	p = 0.0476*
Right tail of caudate	24, −36, 3	3	10.73	p = 0.0185*	p = 0.8693	p = 0.8979
Tail of caudate combined		7		p = 0.0098**	p = 0.6123	p = 0.2320
Left orbitofrontal cortex	−15, 36, −18	6	10.13	p = 0.0231*	p = 0.0350	p = 0.3969
Left cerebellum	−29, −78, −36	4	8.04	p = 0.1728	p = 0.0401*	p = 0.0198*

Anatomical locations were determined through inspection with respect to the average anatomical image of all 16 subjects. “Tail of caudate combined” is a combined cluster including the two disjoint clusters in the right tail of the caudate.

*p < 0.05;

** significant after Bonferroni correction for 18 comparisons (post hoc analyses).