Figure 1.

Neuroinflammation is an early event in p25 transgenic mice. A, Immunoblot analyses were performed on the brain lysates of 1, 4, 8 and 12 week induced p25 transgenic mice (p25Tg) and their respective age-matched noninduced p25Tg control mice (Ctrl) using anti-GFAP antibody (top). Equal amounts of protein loading were confirmed by reprobing the membrane with anti-tubulin antibody (bottom). B, Quantification of immunoblot analyses in A by densitometric scanning (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001). C, Representative confocal images of the cortex from 1, 4, 8 and 12 week induced p25Tg and control mice brains. The sections were immunostained with anti-GFAP antibody (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 50 μm and images are representative of n = 3 mice. D, E, Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) results for cytokines and chemokines TNF-α, MIP-1α, TGF-β and IL-1β expression from 1, 4, 8 and 12 week induced p25Tg/control mice (***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05). F, Representative in vitro kinase assay graph using active kinase (Cdk5) from p25Tg/control mice brain lysates to phosphorylate a NF-H peptide (***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05). G, Western blot analyses of the brain lysates from p25Tg/control mice using anti-Cdk5 (C8) antibody. Error bars indicate ±SEM.