Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients.
| Type of OCB | Age- range | No. | Albumin quotient Q(Alb) CSF/Ser |
Streptolysine titer (IU/ml)** |
ANA | Medication | Age at onset of tics | YGTSS-TTS (range 0–50) |
Y-BOCS (range 0–40) |
PUTS (range 10–40) | GTS-QoL (range 0–100) |
CAARS t-score (range 25–90) |
WURS-k (range 0–84) | BDI-II (range 0–63) | BAI (range 0–63) |
BSI, t-score (range 21–80) |
DSM-IV, inattention (range 0–9) | DSM-IV, hyperactivity (range 0–9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21–25 | 3 | 2.43 | 108 | – | – | 10 | 37 | 17 | 22 | 33.3 | 72 | 5 | 13 | 9 | 71 | 2 | 0 |
| 1 | 21–25 | 5 | 3.19 | 184 | – | – | 3 | 10 | 8 | 29 | 32.4 | 60 | 22 | 15 | 21 | 68 | 6 | 2 |
| 1 | 21–25 | 8 | 4.66 | <50.3 | – | – | 11 | 35 | 7 | 36 | 28.7 | 52 | 32 | 13 | 10 | 62 | 3 | 2 |
| 1 | 21–25 | 17 | 4.64 | <50.3 | + | – | 9 | 21 | 17 | 29 | 28.7 | 63 | 25 | 15 | 23 | 65 | 4 | 4 |
| 1 | 26–30 | 20 | 4.18 | <50.3 | – | – | 8 | 19 | 0 | 24 | 19.4 | 47 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 57 | 4 | 2 |
| 1 | 36–40 | 19 | 7.36 | 73.4 | – | – | 5 | 15 | 0 | 31 | 13 | 42 | 31 | 17 | 1 | 50 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 | 41–45 | 10 | 5.69 | 201 | – | – | 12 | 11 | 12 | 29 | 49 | 75 | 14 | 29 | 12 | 80 | 2 | 2 |
| 1 | 46–50 | 13 | 5.41 | 104 | – | – | 4 | 24 | 1 | 13 | 25 | 61 | 40 | 16 | 31 | 80 | 4 | 8 |
| 1 | 51–55 | 6 | 8.57 | <50.3 | – | – | 10 | 28 | 12 | 24 | 13.9 | 46 | 40 | 9 | 11 | 60 | 7 | 5 |
| 1 | 51–55 | 16 | 8.37 | 74 | – | – | 7 | 18 | 11 | 26 | 13 | n.a.* | 60 | 11 | 20 | 71 | 8 | 6 |
| 2 | 21–25 | 2 | 4.43 | 547 | – | Aripiprazole | 6 | 15 | 1 | 20 | 31.5 | n.a.* | 7 | 16 | 0 | 49 | 2 | 1 |
| 2 | 26–30 | 7 | 2.50 | 224 | – | – | 7 | 18 | 0 | 34 | 19.4 | 71 | 37 | 8 | 19 | 61 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | 41–45 | 14 | 6.07 | 66.6 | – | – | 5 | 19 | 14 | 20 | 10.3 | 28 | 36 | 4 | 4 | 57 | 6 | 4 |
| 2 | 61–65 | 12 | 2.76 | 71.6 | – | – | 6 | 18 | 1 | 22 | 28.7 | 58 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | <21 | 15 | 3.98 | 67 | + | – | 13 | 16 | 10 | 30 | 24.1 | n.a.* | 19 | 27 | 17 | 80 | 2 | 1 |
| 4 | 21–25 | 4 | 2.94 | 455 | – | Dronabinol | 5 | 25 | 9 | 29 | 22.2 | 61 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 56 | 5 | 2 |
| 4 | 36–40 | 9 | 5.13 | 141 | – | Nabiximols | 9 | 38 | 13 | 29 | 14.8 | 45 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 52 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 36–40 | 11 | 6.65 | 387 | – | – | 10 | 33 | 8 | 21 | 3.7 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | 46–50 | 1 | 3.92 | <50.3 | – | – | 5 | 26 | 5 | 19 | 6.5 | 57 | 14 | 0 | 8 | 56 | 4 | 5 |
| 4 | 56–60 | 18 | 4.74 | <50.3 | – | – | 9 | 39 | 15 | 29 | 38 | 61 | 7 | 15 | 8 | 66 | 1 | 1 |
M, male; f, female; OCB, oligoclonal bands; type 1, no OCB; type 2, positive OCB in CSF only; type 3, identical OCB in CSF and serum plus OCB in CSF only; type 4, identical OCB in CSF and serum.
cut-off value: >200 IU/ml. Values in bold = exceeding cut-off values, ANA, antinuclear antibodies; YGTSS-TTS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale—Total Tic Score; Y-BOCS, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; PUTS, Premonitory Urge for Tics Score; GTS-QoL, Gilles de la Tourette-Syndrome Quality of Life Scale (normalized); CAARS, Conner's Adult Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale; n.a., not available.
data not available due to high inconsistency index, WURS-k, Wender Utah Rating Scale short version; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; BAI, Beck Angst Inventory; BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory.