Table 2.

Association between AAD usage and patient outcomes at 1 year.

	AAD (N=1994)		Non-AAD (N=6167)		Unadjusted		Adjusted*
	Events	Rate**	Events	Rate	HR (95%CI)#	P Value	HR (95%CI)	P Value
All-cause mortality	19	1.44	225	3.91	0.41 (0.26–0.66)	<0.001	0.50 (0.31–0.81)	0.005
Cardiovascular death	6	0.45	133	2.31	0.22 (0.10–0.50)	<0.001	0.30 (0.13–0.68)	0.004
Ischemic stroke	18	1.36	116	2.03	0.73 (0.44–1.20)	0.207	0.70 (0.42–1.17)	0.176
CVH	129	9.83	570	10.22	1.09 (0.90–1.32)	0.373	0.97 (0.80–1.19)	0.787

AAD – antiarrhythmic drug; CI – confidence interval; CVH – cardiovascular hospitalization; HR – hazard ratio.

^*Adjusted results are from Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Multivariable models were adjusted for: age, sex, education status (high school completion), insurance coverage (partial or complete health insurance coverage), body mass index, smoking and drinking status (current smoking and current drinking), history of established coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic heart failure, previous bleeding, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, abnormal liver function, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m², atrial fibrillation type (persistent atrial fibrillation) and time since atrial fibrillation was diagnosed (≥12 months), hospital level (tertiary hospital) as well as oral anticoagulant use and treatment site (inpatients) at the penultimate follow-up;

^**Incidence rate presents the number of events per 100 person-years follow-up;

^#Hazard ratio (HR) for AAD relative to non-AAD usage.