Figure 3.

Horizontal reaching errors represented in degree on the left y-axis and approximate millimeters on the right y-axis. A–C, Errors are averaged across the three targets and across participants in each group. A, Proprioceptive-reaching control conditions: online and remembered reaching conditions in the congenitally blind (red), late blind (blue), and sighted control (green) groups. B, C, Main experiment: Errors plotted as a function of the four different changes in head direction for congenitally blind (red), late blind (blue), and sighted control (green) groups (B), and with the late blind divided into subgroups with glass eyes (violet) and with real movable eyes (cyan) (C). Error bars are SEM. Target location is represented by the dotted horizontal line at zero degrees on the y-axis. D, E, Individual differences of reaching errors to the left (mean of 10° and 15° left) minus reaching errors to the right (mean of 10° and 15° right) for congenitally blind (red), late blind (blue), and sighted control (green) groups (D), and with the late blind divided into subgroups with glass eyes (violet) and with real movable eyes (cyan) (E).