Figure 2.

Cortical plasticity assessed by TMS using the excitatory PAS₂₅ protocol. TMS of the hand field of the contralateral motor cortex (M1) was used to evoke MEPs of the ADM muscle of the right hand. During PAS₂₅, TMS was simultaneously administered with peripheral electrical stimulation of the right N. ulnaris for 90 times (flashes) with an interstimulus interval of 25 ms. Single TMS-induced MEPs were collected at baseline (pre) and at post 0, post 15, post 30, and post 60 after PAS₂₅. An increase in MEP amplitudes after PAS₂₅ indicates induction of synaptic plasticity in M1.