Table 3.

Neuropsychological testing

Domain	Test
Learning and episodic memory	AVLT, sum of trials 1–5 (learning)
	AVLT, trial 6 (recall after distraction)
	AVLT, trial 7 (delayed)
	AVLT, recognition trial (delayed)
	WMS-R, verbal paired associates
	WMS-R, visual paired associates
Visuospatial construction and memory	RCFT, copy
	RCFT, delayed copy
Attention and working memory	TMT, Part A TMT, Part B WMS-R, digit span WMS-R, block span
Verbal fluency	RWT, lexical RWT, lexical category change RWT semantic RWT semantic, category change
General intellectual abilities	HAWIE-R

All subjects were tested using German versions of the Auditory Verbal Learning Task (AVLT; Helmstaedter and Kurthen, 2001); Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R; Elwood, 1991); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT; Meyers et al., 1996); Trail Making Test (TMT; Spreen and Strauss, 1998); Regensburger Verbal Fluency Test (RWT; Aschenbrenner et al., 2000); and Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults-Revision (HAWIE-R, short form; Tewes, 1991).