Low affinity-IgA deposits induce kidney lesions. (A, 1) Total hIgA and (A, 2) ovalbumin (OVA)-specific hIgA detected by ELISA in total serum after intraperitoneal OVA immunization of mice. (B) hIgA deposits quantified by image analysis using Volocity in conventional facility (CF) at 6, 24, and 48 weeks. Results are means ± SEM of n=150 glomeruli per condition. (C) mC3 deposits in kidney sections from mice in CF at 12 and 24 weeks. (D) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome staining of kidney sections from mice housed in CF. All pictures are representative for glomeruli found in kidney sections of n=6–12 mice per condition. Data are means ± SEM of n=6–10 mice per condition. hIgA, human IgA; AID, activation-induced cytidine deaminase. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.