Table 4. Positive predictive values for UNHS studies.
| Study authors | Criteria for diagnostic referral | Referral of bilateral only (Bi), or both unilateral and bilateral (Bo), failure? | SP, n | TP, n | PPV, % 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAE only | |||||
| Uilenburg | OAE failure | Bo | 69 | 1 | 1.5 0.3–7.8 |
| De Capua | OAE failure or presence of risk factors | Bo | 1536 | 24 | 1.6 1.1–2.3 |
| González de Aledo Linos | OAE failure or presence of risk factors | Bo | 342 | 11 | 3.2 1.8–5.7 |
| Metzger | OAE failure | Bi | 253 | 15 | 5.9 3.6–9.6 |
| Habib | OAE failure | Bo | 300 | 20 | 6.7 4.4–10.1 |
| Ng | OAE failure at 40 dB HL | Bo | 37 | 3 | 8.1 2.8–21.3 |
| Aidan | OAE failure | NS | 9 | 2 | 22.2 6.3–54.7 |
| ABR only | |||||
| Mehl | ABR failure (or OAE in few hospitals) | Bo | 1283 | 63 | 4.9 3.9–6.2 |
| Calcutt | ABR failure or presence of risk factors | Bo | 1633 | 121 | 7.4 6.2–8.8 |
| Antoni | ABR failure at 30 dB HL (modified in 2009 to only bilateral failures) | Bo | 226 | 30 | 13.3 9.5–18.3 |
| Van Kerschaver | ABR failure at 35 dB HL | Bo | 2316 | 646 | 27.9 26.1–29.8 |
| OAE & ABR | |||||
| O'Connor | ABR failure | Bo | 525 | 12 | 2.3 1.3–4.0 |
| White | ABR failure at 30 dB HL | Bo | 115 | 6 | 5.2 2.4–10.9 |
| Wessex | ABR failure at 35 dB HL (modified Oct 1994 to only bilateral) | Bo | 392 | 22 | 5.6 3.7–8.4 |
| Fornoff | Failure of last screening test (OAE or ABR) | Bo | 2135 | 160 | 7.5 6.5–8.7 |
| Magnani | ABR failure | Bo | 241 | 26 | 10.8 7.5–15.3 |
| Martínez | OAE failure or presence of risk factors | Bo | 69 | 9 | 13.0 7.0–23.0 |
| Adelola | ABR failure | Bo | 92 | 19 | 20.7 13.6–30.0 |
| Bailey | ABR failure at 35 dB HL | Bo | 23 | 5 | 21.7 9.7–41.9 |
| Ghirri | ABR failure | Bo | 84 | 21 | 25.0 17.0–35.2 |
| Guastini | ABR failure at 40 dB HL | Bo | 6 | 2 | 33.3 9.7–70.0 |
| Rohlfs | ABR failure at 35 dB HL | Bo | 217 | 73 | 33.6 27.7–40.2 |
| Almenar Latorre | ABR failure at 40 dB HL | Bo | 11 | 4 | 36.4 15.2–64.6 |
| Calevo | ABR failure | Bo | 41 | 20 | 48.8 34.3–63.5 |
| Caluraud | ABR failure at 35 dB HL | Bo | 170 | 142 | 83.5 77.2–88.4 |
ABR: auditory brainstem responses test; NS: not stated; OAE: otoacoustic emissions test; PPV: positive predictive value; SP: screen positives; TP: true positives; UNHS: universal newborn hearing screening.