Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Cohort According to Stratification by Fatty Liver Development
| Variable | All included patients | Fatty liver status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| No NAFLD | Incident NAFLD | Resolved NAFLD | Persistent NAFLD | p-value* | ||
| No. of patients | 2,726 | 1,403 (51.5) | 498 (18.3) | 155 (5.7) | 670 (24.6) | |
| Age, yr | 44.2±9.3 | 42.9±9.4 | 44.3±8.9 | 46.4±9.8 | 46.3±8.9 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1,571 (57.6) | 648 (44.6) | 343 (67.9) | 87 (55.4) | 542 (77.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3±2.8 | 22.0±2.4 | 23.5±2.4 | 24.5±2.4 | 25.6±2.5 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.2±9.5 | 75.6±8.1 | 81.6±7.8 | 83.2±7.5 | 88.2±7.8 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 120.0±16.3 | 115.8±15.3 | 121.7±15.7 | 124.7±16.2 | 126.2±16.2 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 74.5±11.0 | 71.8±10.2 | 75.5±11.1 | 77.7±11.2 | 78.6±10.8 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.0±13.1 | 93.9±10.0 | 97.7±15.1 | 97.4±9.2 | 103.0±15.6 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 190.2±34.6 | 183.0±33.1 | 189.5±33.3 | 199.6±35.6 | 204.2±33.7 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 133.2±91.2 | 100.2±58.3 | 141.6±96.0 | 159.1±98.7 | 191.6±112.1 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 51.2±12.0 | 54.5±12.3 | 49.3±11.1 | 49.9±12.2 | 45.9±9.2 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 112.4±31.0 | 108.1±29.4 | 111.9±31.3 | 117.9±30.9 | 120.3±32.3 | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 25.2±12.5 | 23.1±11.6 | 25.0±9.6 | 26.2±10.7 | 29.5±15.1 | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 28.6±26.5 | 22.2±15.9 | 27.5±14.2 | 31.7±20.5 | 42.2±42.6 | <0.001 |
| ALT (≥19 U/L for women, ≥30 U/L for men) | 1,218 (44.7) | 447 (31.9) | 216 (43.4) | 87 (56.1) | 468 (69.9) | <0.001 |
| GGT, U/L | 31.4±32.2 | 22.5±20.3 | 33.8±33.8 | 37.8±48.9 | 47.0±40.4 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.3±4.8 | 4.9±5.6 | 5.5±6.2 | 5.2±1.4 | 5.9±1.4 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 852 (31.3) | 350 (26.7) | 200 (42.3) | 36 (25.7) | 266 (31.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 142 (5.2) | 37 (2.6) | 28 (5.9) | 13 (8.3) | 64 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| DM development | 141 (5.2) | 23 (1.6) | 5 (3.2) | 33 (6.6) | 80 (11.9) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as number (%) or mean±SD.
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; DM, diabetes mellitus.
*
p-value using Bonferroni as the post hoc analysis for comparing the groups divided by change in NAFLD status over time.