Table 4.

Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis to Identify the Risk Factors of Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Including NAFLD Status Change Over Time as Assessed by Fatty Liver Index

NAFLD status overtime	Univariate analysis		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
No NAFLD	1 (Reference)
Resolved NAFLD	2.08 (0.95–4.53)	0.066	1.61 (0.73–3.55)	0.236	0.378 (0.14–1.01)	0.052	0.44 (0.16–1.20)	0.108
Incident NAFLD	2.34 (1.29–4.25)	0.005	2.35 (1.30–4.26)	0.005	2.03 (1.11–3.71)	0.021	2.31 (1.22–4.36)	0.010
Persistent NAFLD	5.41 (3.57–8.21)	<0.001	4.56 (2.99–6.97)	<0.001	2.29 (1.33–3.96)	0.003	2.32 (1.30–4.12)	0.004

Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: adjusted for variables of model 1 and fasting glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference; model 3: adjusted for variables of model 2 and current smoking, hypertension status, baseline alanine transaminase levels, and changes in obesity status. Harrell’s C index; model 1: 0.739 (standard error estimates=0.026), model 2: 0.846 (standard error estimates=0.026), model 3: 0.850 (standard error estimates=0.027).

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.