Bicuculline partially restored M1 output in 6-OHDA-treated rats. Cortical application of bicuculline (50 μm) affected the size (in mm2) of unexcitable (A), vibrissa (B), caudal (C), and rostral forelimb (D) areas, the threshold current (μA) in vibrissa (E) and forelimb (F) areas, and the frequency (percentage of total movements) of contralateral (G) and distal (H) forelimb movements. All measures were performed before and after drug treatment in control and 6-OHDA rats at 15 and 60 d after lesion. Data are means ± SEM of five determinations per group. Statistical results: A, Effect of treatment (F(1,4) = 27.23, p = 0.0064) and time (F(2,16) = 27.97, p < 0.0001) but not significant time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 0.99, p = 0.39). B, Effect of treatment (F(1,4) = 45.90, p = 0.0025) and time (F(2,16) = 18.17, p = 0.0001) but not time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 3.07, p = 0.07). C, Effect of time (F(2,16) = 7.18, p = 0.0060) but not treatment (F(1,4) = 1.10, p = 0.35) and time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 4.67, p = 0.0252). D, No effect of treatment (F(1,4) = 4.09, p = 0.11) or time (F(2,16) = 1.71, p = 0.21) but a significant time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 4.16, p = 0.0351). E, Effect of treatment (F(1,4) = 25.21, p = 0.0074) and time (F(2,16) = 15.02, p = 0.0002) but not time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 0.09, p = 0.92). F, Effect of treatment (F(1,4) = 37.69, p = 0.0036) and time (F(2,16) = 15.18, p = 0.0002) but not time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 0.07, p = 0.93). G, Effect of time (F(2,16) = 16.54, p = 0.0001) but not treatment (F(1,4) = 6.45, p = 0.06) or time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 3.12, p = 0.07). H, Effect of time (F(2,16) = 9.49, p < 0.0019) but not treatment (F(1,4) = 2.55, p = 0.19) or time × treatment interaction (F(2,16) = 1.62, p = 0.23). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 different from respective control; °p < 0.05 and °°p < 0.01 different from pre-bicuculline; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 different from pre-bicuculline before 6-OHDA (RM ANOVA followed by contrast analysis and the sequentially rejective Bonferroni's test for multiple comparisons).