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. 2019 Jul 11;9:10049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46454-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combination therapy by kenpaullone and TMZ induced apoptosis. (A) Kenpaullone accelerated induction of apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry in GBM cell lines following treatment with kenpaullone and/or TMZ for 48 h. The bar graphs show the ratio of apoptotic cells quantified by Annexin V. The vertical axis of the graph represents Annexin V-positive cells (%). ctrl; treatment with DMSO. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (B) Expression levels of cleaved PARP in GBM cell lines were increased by combination therapy.