Table 2.
Univariable regression model for prediction of cardiac mortality based on the derivation cohort.
| In-hospital cardiac mortality | 30-day cardiac mortality | 1-year cardiac mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95%CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | P | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <40 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 40–59 | 2.95 (1.08–8.00) | 2.64 (1.08–6.47) | 3.21 (1.31–7.85) | |||
| 60–69 | 5.21 (1.91–14.22) | 4.27 (1.73–10.53) | 5.86 (2.39–14.38) | |||
| 70–79 | 12.53 (4.60–34.14) | 10.59 (4.30–26.08) | 14.04 (5.72–34.45) | |||
| > = 80 | 21.75 (7.89–59.95) | 18.11 (7.26–45.15) | 23.59 (9.50–58.60) | |||
| Gender | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Female | 2.52 (2.05–3.09) | 2.42 (1.98–2.96) | 2.48 (2.07–2.98) | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.072 | |||
| Chinese | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Malay | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | |||
| Indian | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | |||
| Others | 1.52 (0.85–2.73) | 1.44 (0.80–2.57) | 1.23 (0.70–2.15) | |||
| History of diabetes | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 2.10 (1.74–2.52) | 1.98 (1.66–2.37) | 2.18 (1.86–2.57) | |||
| History of hypertension | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.75 (1.45–2.12) | 1.75 (1.45–2.10) | 2.01 (1.70–2.38) | |||
| History of dyslipidemia | 0.168 | 0.316 | 0.002 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.09 (0.92–1.31) | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) | |||
| History of IHD | 0.014 | 0.011 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 1.34 (1.07–1.69) | 1.75 (1.44–2.12) | |||
| Current smoker | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.53 (0.43–0.64) | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | 0.59 (0.49–0.70) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.057 | 0.026 | 0.016 | |||
| < = 23 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| >23 | 0.80 (0.63–1.01) | 0.78 (0.62–0.97) | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | |||
| Killip class on admission | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| I | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| II | 2.12 (1.36–3.31) | 2.33 (1.55–3.51) | 2.27 (1.59–3.25) | |||
| III | 7.88 (5.68–10.92) | 7.66 (5.59–10.52) | 7.52 (5.64–10.02) | |||
| IV | 15.24 (12.31–18.87) | 13.58 (11.03–16.73) | 11.58 (9.55–14.05) | |||
| Cardiac arrest in ambulance/on admission | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 12.87 (10.05–16.50) | 11.07 (8.65–14.18) | 9.37 (7.37–11.91) | |||
| Anterior STEMI | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.37 (1.14–1.65) | 1.44 (1.21–1.72) | 1.37 (1.16–1.60) | |||
| Creatinine on admission (µmol/L) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <70 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 70–105 | 1.26 (0.83–1.92) | 1.23 (0.83–1.82) | 1.11 (0.80–1.55) | |||
| 106–140 | 4.83 (3.19–7.33) | 4.57 (3.09–6.75) | 3.82 (2.74–5.33) | |||
| 141–176 | 10.87 (6.87–17.20) | 9.59 (6.19–14.87) | 8.02 (5.47–11.76) | |||
| 177–353 | 17.71 (11.15–28.14) | 15.10 (9.69–23.52) | 13.08 (8.85–19.31) | |||
| > = 354 | 9.68 (5.43–17.26) | 7.99 (4.53–14.10) | 9.50 (5.87–15.37) | |||
| Hemoglobin on admission (g/dL) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <10 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 11–11 | 0.86 (0.57–1.31) | 0.84 (0.55–1.27) | 0.78 (0.53–1.15) | |||
| 12–13 | 0.36 (0.24–0.53) | 0.34 (0.23–0.50) | 0.32 (0.23–0.46) | |||
| 14–16 | 0.16 (0.11–0.23) | 0.16 (0.11–0.23) | 0.14 (0.10–0.21) | |||
| > = 17 | 0.14 (0.09–0.21) | 0.16 (0.11–0.25) | 0.14 (0.10–0.21) | |||
| Elevated first troponin T/I on admission | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 2.08 (1.72–2.52) | 2.11 (1.75–2.54) | 2.15 (1.82–2.54) | |||
| S2B (minutes) | 0.534 | 0.287 | 0.178 | |||
| < = 180 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| >180 | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | |||
| Lowest LVEF during hospitalization (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <40 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 40–50 | 0.12 (0.09–0.17) | 0.14 (0.11–0.19) | 0.15 (0.12–0.19) | |||
| >50 | 0.10 (0.07–0.15) | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 0.12 (0.09–0.16) | |||
CI: confidence interval; IHD: ischemic heart disease; BMI: body mass index; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; S2B: symptom-to-balloon; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.