(A-C) Representative western blot analysis of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in PMs. PMs were stimulated with 0–200 μM D C A for 4 hr(A), or primed with 50 ng/mL LP S for 2 hr before treatment with 100 μM bile acids for an additional 4 hr (B), or treatment with 200 μM of various bile acids for 4 hr (C).
(D) Representative immunofluorescence images of LPS-primed PMs that were stimulated with 50 μM bile acids for 4 hr or 0.5 mM ATP for 30 min. Scale bars, 20 μm.
(E-G) The WT mice transplanted with the bone m arrow from WT and Fxr−/− mice. Mice were challenged with LPS at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 6 hr.
(E) Diagnostic PCR for the genotype at the Fxr locus in the genomic DNA isolated from the circulating white blood cells and peripheral tissues.
(F) The plasma levels of IL-1β.
(G) Representative western blot analysis of IL-1β and Caspase-1 in PM s ex vivo.
Data are shown as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05; by two-tailed Student’s t tests, n = 7. Data are representative of two independent experiments; β-actin or tubulin was used as loading control in western blot analyses.
See also Figure S6.