Table 1.

Pharmacokinetic variability in single‐dose (SD) and steady‐state (SS) studies of 13 beta‐adrenergic blocking agents

Drug	Study type	CV parameter	Doses (mg)	CV 0%‐20%	CV 20%‐40%	CV 40%‐60%	CV 60%‐80%	CV > 80%	References (Supplementary Materials)
Atenolol	SD	Cmax	25‐200	5	20	10	1		35‐56
		AUC	25‐200	8	23	4		1	35‐56
	SS	Cmax	25‐100	1	4	2			37,57‐60
		AUC	50‐100	1	3				37,58‐60
Betaxolol	SD	Cmax	20		1				61
		AUC	20		1				61
	SS	Cmax	20	1					62
		AUC	20		1				62
Bisoprolol	SD	Cmax	5‐100	10	2				63‐70
		AUC	5‐40	7	3				64‐69
	SS	Cmax	10		2				71,72
		AUC	10		2				71,72
Carvedilol	SD	Cmax	6,25‐128	1		5	6	1	73‐81
		AUC	6,25‐128	2		4	6		73‐76,78‐81
	SS	Cmax	25			1			73
		AUC	25			1			73
Labetalol	SD	Cmax	100‐400	4	2	8	2		55,82‐86
		AUC	100‐200	3	6	4	1		55,82,84‐86
	SS	Cmax	400		2				87
		AUC	100‐400		3		1		87‐89
Metoprolol	SD	Cmax	25‐200	1	9	24	6	5	38,65,90‐118
		AUC	25‐200	1	7	18	11	12	38,65,91‐123
	SS	Cmax	50‐400	2	13	19	9	6	17,58,124‐141
		AUC	50‐400	3	5	12	6	14	17,58,119,126‐131,133‐141
Nadolol	SD	Cmax	30‐120		2	3			142‐144
		AUC	30‐80		5	1			142‐145
	SS	Cmax	10‐80	2	1	2			143,146
		AUC	10‐80		3	3			143,145,146
Nebivolol	SD	Cmax	5‐10	1	1	8	1		147‐154
		AUC	5‐10	1	2		2	6	147‐154
	SS	Cmax	20			1			155
		AUC	20				1		155
Oxprenolol	SD	Cmax	80‐260	2	1				156,157
		AUC	80‐260	2	1	1			122,156,157
	SS	Cmax	160		1	2			126,158
		AUC	160		1	2			126,158
Pindolol	SD	Cmax	5‐30	4	5	1		2	159‐165
		AUC	5‐30	4	4	1		2	159‐165
	SS	Cmax	1‐5		2	4			166,167
		AUC	1‐15		3	3	1		166‐168
Propranolol	SD	Cmax	0,5‐320	3	8	29	7	4	38,42,51,70,93,95,169‐191
		AUC	0,5‐320	3	15	23	8	9	38,42,51,93,95,169‐186,188‐198
	SS	Cmax	40‐180		5	11	6		59,62,128,171,180,188,199‐209
		AUC	40‐180		3	23	8	5	59,62,128,166,171,180,188,195,197,199‐214
Sotalol	SD	Cmax	40‐320	9	4	1			215‐220
		AUC	40‐320	10	4				215‐220
	SS	Cmax	160‐320	1				1	218,221
		AUC	80‐400	4		1			217,218,221,222
Timolol	SD	Cmax	10‐120	1	3	1	1		223‐225
		AUC	0,4‐60		2	2	3		142,193,223‐225

C_max maximum serum concentration, AUC area under the concentration‐time curve.