Skip to main content
. 2019 Jul 10;4(8):788–795. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2202

Figure 2. Mendelian Randomization Estimates for the Association Between Systolic Blood Pressure per 20-mm Hg and Stroke, Heart Failure, and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) as Positive Controls and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as Negative Outcome.

Figure 2.

The control analyses showed that the instrumental variable is valid.