Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2019 Feb 13;567(7746):43–48. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0942-8

Figure 5: Immunogenicity tests on insulin-producing human α-cells.

Figure 5:

(a) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing assay against β-cells from βGFP pseudoislets. Anti-PPI (preproinsulin) CTLs lyse β-cells, but not anti-DRiP CTLs. (c) Assay against α-cells (αGFP pseudoislets). αGFP cells are lysed by the alloreactive HLA-A2 CTLs, but not by β-cell-specific anti-PPI or anti-DRiP CTLs. When loaded with PPI or DRiP peptide epitopes, αGFP cells are lysed by the corresponding CTLs. (d) Assay against α-cells from αPM pseudoislets. A fraction of αPM cells are lysed by PPI-directed CTLs (due to their insulin production), but not by anti-DRiP CTLs recognizing stressed β-cells. αPM cells are lysed by anti-DRiP CTLs if pulsed with exogenous DRiP peptide. CMV: CMV-directed CTLs as negative controls, HLA-A2: alloreactive CTLs as positive controls. E/T: effector/target. Each dot represents an independent measurement from 3 independent experiments using in total 7 different donor samples. **p=0.0022 (a); **p=0.0078 (b); ***p=0.0007, **p=0.0076, †† p=0.0069(c); ****p<0.0001 (b,c); one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. All data are mean ± s.e.m. Sample information in Supplementary Table 22.