Table 3.

Rates of HIV seroconversion and transmission among HIV serodiscordant couples: univariate analysis from male index cases

Characteristic	Spouses	Transmission	Rate (%)	χ2	P value
Education level
Primary school and below	40	8	20.00	0.490	0.921
Middle school	87	19	21.84
High school	23	6	26.09
College degree and above	17	3	17.65
Route of infection
Paid blood donors (slurry)	5	1	20.00	7.311	0.120
Transfusion	21	3	14.29
Heterosexual transmission	89	24	26.97
Homosexual	51	7	13.73
Intravenous drug	1	1	100.00
CD4 counts at first visit (cells/μl)
Not detected*	11	5	45.45	4.499	0.212
<150	70	15	21.43
150+	39	9	23.08
300+	47	7	14.89
CD4 counts at the end (cells/μl)
Not detected*	15	7	46.67	10.403	0.015
<150	36	11	30.56
150+	37	8	21.62
300+	79	10	12.66
PVL at first visit (copies/ml)
Not detected*	79	27	34.18	14.557	0.001
<300	70	7	10.00
⩾300	18	2	11.11
PVL at the end (copies/ml)
Not detected*	66	21	31.82	8.736	0.013
<300	87	11	12.64
⩾300	14	4	28.57
Age confirmed**
⩽25	9	0	0.00	9.102	0.028
25+	41	11	26.83
35+	63	9	14.29
45–70	54	16	29.63
Age infected***
⩽25	24	6	25.00	6.061	0.109
25+	54	10	18.52
35+	63	10	15.87
45–70	26	10	38.46
Age of first sexual contact
⩽25	20	5	25.00	5.046	0.168
25+	56	11	19.64
35+	64	10	15.63
45–70	27	10	37.04
Sexual activity before diagnosis
⩾3 times/week	20	4	20.00	11.066	0.011
1–2 times/week	42	15	35.71
Semi-monthly	37	10	27.03
Once a month	68	7	10.29
Condom use
Never used	118	27	22.88	3.766	0.288
Sometimes used	39	8	20.51
Used frequently	3	1	33.33
Used every time	7	0	0.00
Period in time
2006 and before	11	4	36.36	1.977	0.372
2007+	21	3	14.29
2011+	135	29	21.48